Capital and current repair of buildings and structures

Capital and current repair of structures and buildings - types of organizational and technical measures aimed at eliminating the moral and physical wear and tear of objects. There are a number of differences between them. Let's consider them in the article.

Overhauling

It includes the elimination of faults and defects of worn out elements of the object. Some of them can be replaced with new, more durable.

During the overhaul, the following can be replaced:

• Concrete and stone foundations.
• Bearing walls.
• Frame construction.

In addition, the redevelopment of the structure, the provision of additional engineering systems, improvement of the adjacent territory can be carried out.

Types of overhaul

Major repairs can be selective or complex.

The latter involves the replacement of engineering equipment and structural elements or their modernization. The works can cover either the entire structure as a whole or some parts of the structure.

At selective overhaul there is a partialor complete replacement of individual structures and components, as well as engineering equipment. Such measures are aimed at compensating for physical and functional wear and tear.

Current repair of buildings and buildings

Definition periodicity of its implementation is carried out withtaking into account the climatic conditions in which the structure is operated. Of no small importance are the technical state of the elements, the mode of use of the object.

Repair is carried out with the frequency, providing the most effective use of the object. The work is done after putting the building into operation before the overhaul or overhaul.

Justification of the current repair of buildings and structures

To ensure the safe operation of buildingstheir maintenance, current repair, operational control should be carried out. The relevant provisions are contained in the Town Planning Code.

Rationale for the need for implementation maintenance of buildings and buildings is carried out on the basis of the results of operational control. It is carried out by:

• Periodic examinations.
• Control checks / monitoring.

During these procedures, the technicalcondition of building structures, engineering systems. Based on the results of the inspections, special statements are compiled. In them the received indicators are entered, which then are checked against the established specifications.

Types of inspections

To justify the need for maintenance of buildings and buildings planned and unscheduled surveys are carried out. The first, in turn, are divided into partial and general.

In the course of general inspections, controltechnical condition of the facility as a whole, external improvement and engineering systems. Partial survey assesses the condition of some structures in the premises, as well as elements of improvement.

Unplanned inspections are performed after naturalDisasters (earthquakes, showers, mudflows, heavy snowfalls, floods, etc.), the occurrence of which can lead to damage to certain structural elements. In addition, such surveys are carried out after power, water and heat system failures, as well as in case of deformation in the base of the facility.

Nuances

General examination before current repair of buildings and buildings are carried out at least twice a year. For their conduct, a commission is formed. The results of the inspections are reflected in the technical condition records of the facility. They are, for example, logbooks, special cards, etc.

These documents should include information about:

• Assessment of the technical condition of the structure and its elements.
• Malfunctions revealed during the inspection.
• Location of defects.
• Causes for which the identified malfunctions.
• Works on current repair of buildings and buildings, performed during the inspection.

Generalized information about the state of the object is reflected annually in the technical passport.

Substantiation of cost

The basis for determining the price maintenance of buildings and buildings are project documents, which include the estimated cost of work. This documentation is developed and approved in accordance with the procedure provided for in the legislation.

The project, according to Article 48 of the GRK, is a complexmaterials made in text and graphic forms. The design documentation defines functional and technological, architectural, engineering, and engineering solutions that ensure the construction, repair, reconstruction of objects and their parts, if relevant measures affect the safety and reliability of the structure.

Specificity of preparation of documents

Based on part 12.2 48 of the GRK article, during the overhaul, preparation of separate parts of the project documentation is carried out in accordance with the customer / developer's task, depending on the scope and content of the works envisaged.

The requirements for the content and composition of the sections of the project are established by government decree No. 87 of 2008. The documentation is approved by the customer or the builder.

When performing routine repairs, the design of the whole project is not required. Enough estimates, which justify its value. It is drawn up in the form specified in Appendix No. 2 to the IBC on 81-35.2004.

Dates

Need for routine maintenanceequipment of buildings and structures occurs more often than the need for capital repairs. In this regard, local events are held every three to six months. This time range is very conditional, as it may require premature repairs, for example, in case of an accident.

It should be said that the adjustment list of works of current repairs of buildings and buildings, the schedule of their implementation can be carried out by tenantsat general meetings or employees of the enterprise. Overhaul is carried out usually every 3-5 years. Owners or employees may also postpone the date of the meeting, if there are good reasons for doing so.

The current repair measures are carried out, as a rule, without prior notification. As for the work related to the large-scale replacement or renovation of the structures, they are notified in advance.

Additionally

When differentiating the current and capital repair of an object, there are often difficulties. The fact is that there is no clear border between these formats of organizational and technical measures.

For example, there is such a concept - "selective(it was mentioned above), it assumes a partial replacement of the structural elements of the structure, however, similar measures can be carried out during routine repairs.

It should be noted that in practice, capital repairs canprovide for a whole range of work. At the same time, they can all be listed in the list of current technical events. Strict distinction will only take place when the project receives an appropriate designation.

Conclusion

For the average person, differentiationconcepts "current repairs" and "major repairs" can have a significant value even if it is not connected with organizational and technical processes.

The distinction, for example, can become important forowners of individual (private) houses, planning to carry out certain activities related to the renovation of systems, structural elements of the structure. He will spend his own finances on all these works. Accordingly, he needs to know exactly what kind of events should be spent and how much they will cost.

Understanding the differences in maintenance and overhaulwill allow to classify technical works, to divide them into types, to determine the level of their complexity. If third-party implementers are involved, the classification helps to establish their degree of responsibility.

The distinction is also important for the owners of the premises.in apartment buildings. After all, even in this case, residents' money will be spent on capital and current repairs. It is important for owners to understand the specifics of repairs in order to competently build legal and economic relations with the company that performs these technical measures. In this case, the residents themselves can take an active part in the inspection of the structure, inspection of equipment and engineering systems, together with the commission or independently. Owners must have up-to-date information on the state of the structural elements of the object in order to make the right decisions regarding their renewal.