Technical operation of buildings and structures: organization of work and operational requirements

Technical operation of public buildings and structures consists of a set of measures to ensurefunctioning and trouble-free operation of all their elements and systems during at least the regulatory service life of the facility. Functioning is the direct use of the structure in accordance with its purpose. Let's consider the main requirements and rules technical operation of buildings and structures.

General information

Technical operation of buildings and structures includes:

• maintenance;
• sanitary maintenance;
• system of repairs.

Maintenance provides for ensuring compliance with regulatory regimes and design indicators, technical inspections of enclosing and supporting structures, and adjustment of engineering network equipment.

Sanitary maintenance consists in cleaning of premises, adjoining territory, garbage collection.

The repair system includes capital and current repairs.

Tasks

Activities for technical operation of buildings and structures are aimed at ensuring:

• failure-free operation of the object's structures;
• observance of proper sanitary and hygienic conditions;
• correct operation of engineering equipment;
• increase the level of improvement of the facility;
• timely repairs, etc.

Reliable operation

The duration of continuous operation of structures andsystems of construction is different. When establishing the normative periods, the duration of failure-free operation of the main load-bearing parts, walls, foundations is taken as a basis. The service life of individual elements of the object may be less than the standard period provided for the entire building, 2-3 times.

For trouble-free and comfortable operation during the entire operational period, it is necessary to replace systems or components. During the course of technical operation of buildings and structures work is under way on the repeated adjustment and restoration of worn-out engineering equipment.

Elements of the structure should not be used untilcomplete wear and tear. In the course of the functional use of the facility, work is being carried out to compensate for normal wear and tear. Failure to meet planned work, significant in terms of volume, may lead to premature failure of systems.

Maintenance

During the course of technical operation of buildings and structures works are carried out to maintain parts and components of the object in good order, compliance with operating modes and device parameters.

The maintenance system must providenormal functioning of the facility throughout the operational period. Periodicity of repairs is determined on the basis of an assessment of the condition of the elements and systems of the structure.

As part of the maintenance work is carried out on:

• Maintenance of serviceability of systems and control of their technical condition.
• Preparation for seasonal use of the structure.
• Adjustment of engineering equipment.

Condition monitoring

It is carried out as part of planned and unscheduled inspections using modern technical means.

Scheduled inspections can be partial or general. In the course of the latter, the whole object is inspected. Private inspections involve the study of its individual parts.

Unplanned examination is carried out after various natural disasters (hurricanes, floods, snowfalls, showers, etc.), accidents and other disasters.

Work during inspections

The general examination is carried out twice a year: in spring and autumn.

During the spring inspection, a check is carried outreadiness of the object for operation in spring and summer, the volume of work for the preparation for the use of elements and parts of the structure during the autumn-winter period is determined. In addition, the repair measures are being specified.

In the course of preparation:

• Strengthening gutters (pipes, funnels, etc.).
• Raskonservation, repair of watering systems.
• Repair of the equipment of sidewalks, platforms, otstok, foot paths.
• Inspection of facades, roofs, etc.

During an autumn survey of an object, the following are produced:

• Warming of balcony, window openings.
• Replacement of damaged balcony doors, broken glass.
• Warming, repair of attic floors.
• Warming, cleaning, repair of smoke ventilation ducts.
• Glazing, closing dormer windows in attics.
• Fixing of products in the plinths.

The frequency of the planned work is regulated Instructions for the technical operation of buildings and structures corresponding purpose.

During partial inspections, it is necessary to identifymalfunctions and defects that can be eliminated during the period allocated for the survey. Malfunctions that prevent the normal operation of the facility, are eliminated within the time limit specified in the building codes.

Technical Journal on the Operation of Buildings and Structures

It is a document reflecting information about the state of the object. A typical sample of the journal is given in Appendix 10 to the Regulation on technical operation of industrial buildings and structures.

The journal should contain information about:

• the results of observations of the object and its structural elements;
• periodic technical inspections;
• instrumental observations of precipitation and other deformations of the elements of the structure;
• facts of gross violations of the rules of exploitation and measures for their suppression;
• carried out major repairs (in particular, the time, place, volume and nature of work are indicated);
• carried out reconstruction of the object.

According to the specified information it is possible not only to tracethe history of the operation of the structure / building, but also to form an idea of ​​its technical state for a specific period of time. Log information is used for planning repairs and when filling in the defect statements.

The person responsible for the management of the document is the person who oversees and takes care of the object.

The technical journal is filled in one copy on a separate large building / structure or their group.

Normative regulation

In Russia, the procedure for operating the facilities is defined in federal laws and regulations adopted in accordance with them. For example, technical operation of industrial buildings and structures is regulated by the Regulations of the Labor Code of the Republic of Tajikistan on the O-14000-004-98.

In some countries of the former USSR, similar rules apply. Thus, in the Republic of Belarus the Technical Code of established practiceTCH) on the technical operation of buildings and structures.

Normative regulation of issues related to the use and operation of facilities is aimed at the following tasks:

• Ensuring the safety of the population, protecting the property of citizens and organizations, the state and municipalities.
• Preservation of the ecological situation at a level favorable for plants, animals and humans.
• Prevention of misleading owners about the safety of physical parameters and properties of structures / buildings and premises in them.
• Ensuring the effective functioning of objects.

Repairs

It can be current and planned. Current work should be timely and systematic. They are aimed at restoring the surfaces of elements and structures, eliminating small defects.

Scheduled repairs are carried out at least once every 3 years. If necessary, work can be done annually. The economic expediency of frequent repairs is determined by engineers and financiers.

The need for unscheduled work is determineddirectly during the operation of the facility. It should be noted that postponing or delaying the performance of repairs can create a threat to the health / life of workers (if the building is industrial) or tenants (if the house is residential).

Overhaul

It can be of 2 types: selective and complex. In the latter case, all worn out items, equipment, engineering structures are replaced.

At selective repair, accordingly, works are carried out concerning separate parts of object. When it is carried out, some constructions can be reinforced.

Destructive factors

During the operation of the facility it is necessary to take into account:

• External influence. Deformations and damage can be the result of man-made or natural disasters, the influence of climatic conditions (constant wind, high humidity, low temperatures).
• The life cycle of an object. Each building has its own service life. It ends with the demolition of the object.

Important for effectiveThe functioning of the building has a microclimate in the premises. A disorderly combination of the temperature and humidity levels can lead to the destruction of materials, the disruption of their adhesion to each other.