Economical geography. Regions of the world

In geography and statistics for more convenientIt is customary to allocate large volumes of information to large regions of the world that have common features in historical development, geographic location or economic state. It is understood that this division allows scientists and officials to more accurately apply measures to regulate and stimulate the economy, as well as conduct responsible social policies.

Main regions of the world

The first and most obvious division is carried outat a glance at the geographical and political map of the planet. Traditionally, countries are classified according to their position on the continents, but if this division is not sufficiently informative, then the regions of the world are divided further.

In some cases, such as with Australiaor South America, the borders of economic regions coincide with the outlines of the continents. On the North American continent there are two statistical regions - the North American and the Central America proper, the largest of which is Mexico.

Europe as part of the world is divided into South,Western, Northern, Eastern and Central. Each European region has only its peculiar geographical and historical features of development. In addition, in different regions speak in languages ​​belonging to different and linguistic groups and even families.

The African cornucopia

Experts on the African continentfive regions, different from each other both in terms of the conditions in which political identity was formed, of their peoples, and in terms of their economic situation.

The North African region includes seven countries,with unconditional international recognition, among them Egypt, Libya, Sudan, Morocco, Tunisia and South Sudan and Algeria. In addition, on the shores of the Atlantic Ocean is a disputed territory, whose sovereignty is not recognized by most countries - the Saharan Arab Democratic Republic.

Such a historical region of the world as the WesternAfrica, includes eighteen states formed after the abolition of colonial empires. Some of these countries, such as Nigeria, have a large territory with a large population and population, others, on the contrary, are a narrow strip along the Atlantic coast.

The regions of Central and Eastern Africa havesimilar geographical characteristics, but differ due to different sources of cultural influence. In East Africa, especially in the northern part, to this day the influence of the Italian colonialists is noticeable, even though they did not last long. At the same time, Portuguese and French speech can still be heard in the western part of the continent, and in some countries French is considered state or official, as in Benin and Senegal for example.

The South African region occupies a very special placeplace in relation to their neighbors. For a long time in the Republic of South Africa, rules were in place that prohibited even the joint passage of white and black in one transport, and the main posts in the country were occupied by the descendants of European colonists. However, in 1994 apartheid was officially banned, which entailed a radical change in the internal situation in the country, from which the Europeans began to move massively.

Populous Asia

This part of the world is most densely populated by people andhas numerous ancient cultures. It may seem to the outside observer that it is fairly homogeneous. However, this is not at all the case. On the expanses of this continent, several large economic-geographical and cultural regions are singled out at once: Western, Central, Eastern, Northern, Southern and South-Eastern. Some researchers, paying attention to the geographical isolation of India, are inclined to consider it an independent ethnogeographical region with a rich cultural history.

Of course, in the Asian region traditionallyChina has a great influence, whose population today reaches one billion two hundred million people, and economic development makes it the second country after the US in terms of GDP.

Country and continent

A special place in the family of macroregions is occupied byAustralia is a vast continent, in the southern hemisphere, in whose territory the country of the same name is located, whose population is about twenty-four million people. This number of residents in conjunction with a large territory puts it on top in the ranking of the least densely populated regions of the world.

However, as a macroregion, Australia is considered jointly with New Zealand and sometimes with the islands of Micronesia.

Two Americas

Both Americas are characterized by significant differences from their neighbors. In this part of the world, completely different from European local cultures emerged from scratch.

On the lands of these continents there are three regions,with various economic and political ways - North American, South American and Central America. Each region is extremely populous.</ span </ p>