Methods of drilling wells. Drilling, impact-rope, rotary

For a more comfortable stay in a suburbanthe house needs sewerage and water supply. It is difficult to imagine a dwelling without such communications. After all, water is required not only for cooking, but also for irrigation of cultivated plants. Its absence greatly complicates life.

Shock-rope drilling allows to solvesimilar problems. With this method, you can easily get water. It is worth noting that such work can be done independently. The main thing is to know how to properly drill a well and what is required for this.

The main types of wells

If desired, it is possible to conduct the impact-cable drilling by oneself. A photo of the finished structure is shown below. Before starting work, it is necessary to determine the type of well. There are several of them:

1. Tubular well. Its depth is from 8 to 12 meters. The perpendicular, dust, dirt, and also foreign elements in this case do not enter the water intended for drinking.
2. A well in sandy soil is usually made deep15-30 meters. In this case, the screw method is used. The device for a well is a metal sleeve, at the end of which there is a perforated section. A filter is mounted in sand of coarse fraction with impurities of pebbles. In general, the structure is capable of serving for about 5 years with rare use, and with a frequency of up to 15. The structure is washed after siltation. If this does not work, then a new well is drilled nearby.
3. Artesian. The depth of this well is 15-200 meters. This indicator depends on the depth of occurrence of the limestone layers. The operational period is 50 years.

Drilling technology

At the moment there are several technologies:

1. Drilling the cable-cable.
2. Rotary.
3. Screw.

Technologies differ among themselves in the waydestruction of certain breeds, as well as ways to extract soil from the trunk. Each method implies the use of special equipment, which affects the quality of the work carried out differently. The cost of drilling the well depends on this.

Drilling with cable-rope

This method is the simplest and relativelyinexpensive. A feature of the technology is the lack of the need for heavy equipment. The installation for drilling a well can be mounted independently. It takes a little time and effort. Shock-rope drilling by one's own hands is the most popular method, which allows to open aquifer layers directly from the surface.

The main advantages of this method are:

1. Long service life.
2. Allows you to control the water content of the horizon, as well as the water level.
3. You can punch a well of large diameter.
4. Excludes the risk of getting into the water intended for drinking, harmful impurities during drilling.
5. Efficiency and profitability when carrying out work in the winter.

What will be required

To drill a borehole with a cable and cable method, special tools must be purchased. As a rule, this requires:

1. Block and winch.
2. Cable.
3. Machine for clogging.
4. Mounting frame.
5. Barbell.

The main element of the design is the drivenglass. In addition, a piece of pipe made of steel is required. It must be beveled inwards. The cut must have a cutting edge at the very bottom. An anvil is placed above the driving glass. It is on it with the help of the bar are struck. The winch allows to lower and raise the driving glass.

How the installation works

How is the cable boring? Machines for this can be made by yourself. The main thing is to imagine how this works. The effect of the installation is as follows:

1. Thanks to the frictional force, the rock enters the driving glass and is held in it.
2. To penetrate deep into the soil, a bar is used, which rushes to the anvil.
3. When the driving glass is filled with soil, it rises and then clears.
4. These actions should be performed until the required depth is reached.

Drilling the impact-cable is better to apply in those places where the soil is non-friable, clayey and soft.

How to punch a well on loose soil

If there is a loose soil on the site, thento drill a well will be more difficult. This requires a bailer. This part is a pipe made of steel and having a lower check valve at the bottom.

This makes it possible to significantly simplify the process. When the element is lowered into the ground, the valve opens. As a result, the soil gets into the pipe. When lifting, the valve closes. After removal, the bailer is cleaned. After this, the procedure is repeated.

So that the soil does not fall off while drilling,use casing pipes. They are hammered into the soil at each depression. At the first stage, this element must have an expansion shoe with a conical shape. In order for the machine to move without difficulty, its diameter should be smaller than the dimensions of the casing. Only in this case it is possible to go deeper into the soil to the required level. Shock-rope drilling with a casing pipe is used not only on loose ground.

How to pierce a well in hard rocky soil

On hard rocky ground punching wellsis carried out using a chisel. Under its impact, the destruction of rocks. Then it is extracted with a bailer. For installation of casing pipes it is necessary to use an expander. Thanks to him, the required diameter for the passage of the structure is provided.

The elements are driven in those layersGrounds that are located below the level of occurrence of aquifers. After this, pumping out the accumulated liquid is required, as well as cleaning from the ground and mixture of bottom-hole water. This is done with a bailer.

A few tips

Drilling the rock-wire system is a simple process. If certain rules are observed, you can get a well with clean water. The main thing is to follow the recommendations of specialists:

1. If drilling with cableusing a driving glass, then before starting work, a little soil should be poured. This method allows you to create a viscous mass, and also to facilitate work.
2. The cable must be strong enough. This indicator is very important. After all, a lot depends on the rope. First of all, will this element of the construction with the jamming of the load glass. It is best to use a cable made of steel. Its diameter should be more than 1.2 centimeters.
3. When installing the structure, make sure that it is strictly vertical. If there are deviations, then the casing pipes simply will not fall. As a result, the drilling process will have to be stopped.
4. Drilling of wells with a length of up to 2 meters greatly simplifies drilling.

Casing mounting features

For an already completed well, an additional casing is usually installed. It can be integral and made of asbestos cement pipe, as well as its individual segments.

The process of working with such material requirescaution and increased attention. Otherwise the structure will not be free to sink. All the links of the pipe must be securely secured and kept from sliding down. To fix them, it is worth using staples. These fragments are subsequently closed with strips of stainless steel sheets.