Drilling artesian well: technology. Permission to drill an artesian well
The drilling of an artesian well suggeststhe creation of a pressure well that reaches the line of location of aquifer limestones. Artesian springs are located at a depth of 20-200 mm and have a water of surprising purity.
Getting permission
If you intend to create a well thatwill have a depth limited to 5 m, then work can be done without obtaining permits. In this case, you will reach a free-flowing horizon. But the use of artesian water in their own needs presupposes the need for obtaining a permit. Such a permit to drill an artesian well is a license, and in order to become its owner, it is necessary to collect documents, including: a lease for a site, a cadastral plan, a general situational development plan. The next step is to determine the volume of water consumption. The obtained figures are provided to the water resources department, only after that Russian supervision checks out the organization of the sanitary zone of the first belt near the well in a certain area. Then you can proceed to obtaining a conclusion on the design of the object. This document can be obtained at the State Conservation Monitoring Center. All the papers are submitted to the Department for Subsoil Use, where after and it will be possible to obtain a license. With it, a person turns to the development organization. After completion of the work, the well is registered.
Features of the device wells
The drilling of an artesian well can be performed according to one of several existing options. The choice will be influenced by several factors, among them:
- the required productivity (these parameters will depend on the technical features of the pumping unit and the diameter of the casing used in operation);
- geological features of the territory.
If it is supposed to deal with the creation of a well, the productivity of which does not exceed 5 m3/ hour, then, as a rule, pumps Ø100 mm are used. While performance is not more than 3 m3/ hour, indicates the need to use a pump Ø75 mm.
Varieties of artesian well
Drilling an artesian well of the classical typeIt is used when the pressure in the aquifer is good enough, and limestone is devoid of clay deposits and sand lenses. At the same time, the upper layers must be normal.
The casing should be brought to the upper lineaquifer. Afterwards, an open-type barrel with a diameter that is smaller than this characteristic of the casing is arranged in the limestone. Through this hole water penetrates into the well. The pump is located below the rising water level at 10 m. However, it is located in the casing.
Drilling artesian borehole double casingtype is used when the aquifer is devoid of pressure. This option also works well for the case when the upper layers of limestone have sandy lenses or some inclusions of clay. By equipping the well, the masters bring the first pipe to the limestone line, while the second is placed in the layer itself, it should have a less impressive diameter.
The drilling of artesian wells can assumesupply them with a conductor. This technology is used where the upper layers interfere with drilling, but the water in the aquifer is under pressure. Such a system hardly differs from a conventional well, but, as mentioned, has a conductor. This additional element is represented by a pipe with a larger diameter than this characteristic of a casing.
Alternative method of well construction
Drilling artesian wells can beproduced by the method of transition to pipes with a less impressive diameter. Such work can be carried out under normal upper layers that have loose sands, stones, etc. The aquifers must be distinguished by an impressive pressure, while limestone should be checked for clay and sand deposits. Up to a complex site, a pipe of a normal diameter is conducted, but through the problem zones a pipe with a smaller diameter is produced. It installs the pump.
Selecting the location for the installation of the well
Before drillingartesian wells for water, it is necessary to determine the location of their location. It is important to designate both the installation point of the equipment and the drainage zone of the technical fluid. The work area is selected taking into account that it is closer to the input point. This will be affected by the length of trenches, pipes and the feature of the device.
For works it will be necessary to allocate an equal territory, the dimensions of which will be limited to 4х12 m. In a radius of 2 m there should be no electric wires. The working zone is to be fenced off.
Drilling work
Technology of drilling an artesian wellassumes at the first stage the destruction of the soil, its lifting, strengthening the walls, the installation of pipes and pumps. The drilling process itself is carried out by mobile installations through roller cutter bits. The work is carried out in parallel with washing the solution. This method helps to destroy even rocks.
As soon as the uppersand-clay layer and reached limestone, the latter is installed casing string of pipes, which eliminates the shedding of the walls. After that, a bit of a less impressive diameter, which opens the limestone aquifer, is used. At the same time, the soil is removed relentlessly, and the production column is inserted inside. When the absorption of the wash solution reaches the required value, the master beats off the water level. If necessary, at this stage, well borehole casing in limestone can be made with a pipe not so large in diameter.
Independently to produce such works very muchit is difficult, if not impossible, to say. After all, it is necessary to have experience and appropriate equipment. While professionals carry out the drilling process in the shortest possible time, ensuring the quality of water.
