Dislocation of the shoulder joint.

The shoulder joint consists of the head of the shoulderbones, scapula and clavicle. The head of the humerus enters the articular cavity of the scapula, which at its edge has a thick cartilaginous cushion. Cartilages allow articular surfaces to articulate sufficiently tightly, which facilitates movement in the joint. All the surfaces of the bones are ideally suited to each other, so that a person can move the hand in three planes. However, such a high mobility of the joint leads to its instability, i.e. possibly the occurrence of dislocations, subluxations and sprain of the ligament apparatus.

Above the shoulder joint is covered with a dense capsule, which is a fixing system that keeps all articular surfaces of the joint in place.

Dislocation of the shoulder joint - stability disorderarticular surfaces under the influence of too much physical exertion or the realization of movement simultaneously in different planes, as a result of which the motor function of the joint is blocked.

Dislocations of the shoulder joint are divided according to the plane in which the jam occurs, on:

- front - the head is displaced relative to the articular cavity forward, under the corpuscles of the scapula;

- posterior dislocations are characterized by wedging the head back;

- lower - displacement of the head below the articular cavity of the scapula.

Dislocation of the shoulder joint forward occursmost often because To move the head in this position is the easiest. For example, when performing a sudden throw or fall on the shoulder joint. With such a traumatization of the joint, the joint capsule is quite often broken - a very dangerous and painful complication of the dislocation. The cartilaginous rim of the articular cavity may also be detached - a very unfavorable sign of a dislocation.

Dislocation of the shoulder joint back is muchless often, most likely due to the fact that the mechanism of this trauma is very unusual and the circumstances for its occurrence are rare. In order to get a posterior dislocation of the shoulder, it is necessary to fall on an elongated arm or hang for a long time on one arm, then under dislocation of the entire weight, a dislocation may also occur. The peculiarity of the clinical symptomatology of posterior dislocations is that the patient is not able to lower his arm down, so they enter the hospital with their arm raised.

In addition to physical impact from outside, some disorders and pathological processes can lead to dislocations in the shoulder joint:

- increased mobility in the shoulder joint, which is characterized by too large amplitude of motion;

- Plastic disorders in the bone and cartilage tissues, resulting in the strength of bone tissue is significantly reduced, and therefore, they are easiest to displace relative to each other;

- frequent dislocations and subluxations, or they are also calledhabitual dislocation of the shoulder joint, also lead to a weakening of the ligamentous apparatus of the joint, as a result of which the capsule is unable to retain the articular surfaces in the desired position.

Dislocation of the shoulder joint: treatment.

The main tactic in the treatment of dislocation is not to harm. The first aid should consist only in good immobilization of the joint. Then the patient must be hospitalized in a hospital to confirm the diagnosis and a qualified correction of the dislocation.

Patients with dislocations should be necessarily made radiography in two projections to exclude fracture of bones.

If the diagnosis of the dislocation is confirmed, then the bonesIt is necessary to put on the places to restore mobility of a joint. Traumatologists sometimes apply methods of traction with certain joint dislocations.

Effective for dislocations is physiotherapy, it is used to reduce edema and inflammation of surrounding tissues, reduce pain syndrome.