Dislocation - this is what? Dislocation help

Dislocation - what is it? The answer to the question you ask will be found in the article. In addition, we will tell you about what kinds of dislocation are, what are their causes, symptoms, treatment and so on.

general information

A dislocation is a broken articulation of the jointsurfaces of different bones. As a rule, it arises because of destructive processes occurring in the joints (for example because of arthritis, arthrosis, etc.), or getting injuries.

Dislocation is a deviation with which most oftena person faces after falls or strong blows. A special group of risk is made up of sportsmen of such sports as football, volleyball, hockey and others. In addition, dislocations very often occur in people whose activities involve frequent falls (skates, skis, mountaineering and others).

The main types of deviations

Joint dislocation is classified according to the degree of its displacement, origin and location. Let us consider them in more detail.

• By degree of bias. Such a dislocation of the joint can be complete and incomplete. The first type implies a complete divergence of the ends of the joints. As for the second, in this case the surfaces of the joints can only partially touch.
• By origin. A dislocation is a deviation that can not only be acquired due to blows, falls and other things, but also be born innate. As a rule, such a pathology arises from the violation of the fetal development of the fetus.

We decided to pay special attention to the types of dislocation at the joint location.

By location

The most common traumatic dislocations occur near the shoulder, fingers, forearm, lower jaw and thigh. Let us consider them in more detail.

1. Shoulder dislocation. It is characterized by such symptoms as severe pain, a change in the shape of the shoulder joint compared to a healthy one, as well as a complete lack of movement.
2. Dislocated fingers fingers. With this deviation, a person feels a sharp pain, and also notices the unnatural position of the finger. It seems to stick out of the joint. In this case, any of its movements are completely absent.
3. Dislocation of the forearm. The patient feels severe pain in the elbow joint, which sometimes gives into the fingers. In this case, the forearm can "hang". The area of ​​the elbow joint in the patient is noticeably deformed and edematous. Sometimes it has signs of redness.
4. Dislocation of the hip. Such a deviation can arise only under the influence of a large force. Signs are the sharp pain and immobility of the joint. The knee of the injured person can be turned inwards, to a healthy leg, or brought to it. When treating such a deviation patients are recommended to lie on their backs or healthy sides.
5. Dislocation of the lower jaw. Such pathology can be two-or one-sided. As a rule, it occurs when excessive opening of the mouth (for example, when biting off a large piece, yawning and other movements). Symptoms of bilateral dislocation of the jaw are as follows: the person's mouth is wide open, and the jaw bone is pushed forward. In this case, the speech and the process of swallowing are difficult. With one-sided deviation, half-open and, as it were, twisted mouth are observed.

Other types of dislocations

Among other things, dislocations can be closedand open. Closed ones represent a deviation without breaking the skin and tissues. As for open, then, as a rule, such dislocations are accompanied by the formation of visible wounds.

Damage to blood vessels, muscles, tendons, bones or nerves makes this abnormality complicated. If it has arisen due to a minor impact, then talk about a habitual dislocation.

It should also be noted that there isa deviation that is pathological in nature. Very often he is referred to a dislocation of the hip and shoulder joint. If the surrounding muscles are prone to paresis or paralysis, then there is a paralytic deviation.

The most common causes

As we said above, dislocated arms, legs,hip, shoulder and other joints can be acquired and congenital. Also, such a deviation may occur due to some disease (for example, arthrosis, osteomyelitis, arthritis, poliomyelitis and others). But in most cases, this pathology is associated with indirect injuries and abrupt movements, which exceed the norm of joint mobility. As for dislocations from direct trauma, they are much less common.

The main symptoms of abnormalities

Dislocation of the hip, shoulder joint can not failattract attention. However, it should be noted that the symptoms of such a deviation depend on its type. For example, a congenital dislocation of the hip joint manifests itself in the form of a gait disturbance. This is due to the fact that the process of removing the lower limb becomes limited, and the gluteal folds are asymmetric. Over time, you can see that the child's legs have different lengths, which, of course, is fraught with lameness.

If the dislocation of the hip joint is two-sided, then the gait becomes a "duck". Such a symptom may appear already in the junior high school.

It should also be noted that the shoulder dislocation, andalso a dislocation of the knee joint and others is almost always accompanied by severe pain syndromes, the appearance of replenishing, swelling and immobility.

First aid in case of dislocation

Know how to provide first aidwith a dislocation, it is necessary for everyone. After all, no one is immune from the occurrence of such a deviation. Especially this applies to young mothers who have hyperactive children.

If your child or loved one has dislocatedjoint, then in the first place this place should be immobilized, that is, immobilized. For example, if you injured the lower or upper limb, then it is recommended to fix it with a kerchief or apply a tire.

Also, first aid in case of dislocation requiresuse of cold compress. To do this, it is recommended to take an ice pack or just a bottle filled with cold water, and then gently attach it to the damaged area.

Can I change it myself?

If the dislocation arose as a result of a minorphysical impact, and you are fully confident that the bone of the injured is not damaged, then you can fix the joint yourself. Doing this is recommended back to the mechanism of injury.

If you doubt that the patient is nothas a bone injury, it is best to entrust the procedure to the experienced doctor. Otherwise, you can injure the tissues even more than aggravate and so the patient's morbid state.

After the doctor fixes the dislocated joint, he must fix the limb, using a tire or bandage, which is not recommended to be removed for 1-2 weeks.

By the way, it should also be noted that on the dislocation of any joint, hot compresses must never be applied.

Treatment of dislocation

The treatment of traumatic joint dislocation(after correction by the doctor) consists in the appointment of physiotherapeutic manipulations. As a rule, they include therapeutic gymnastics, massage, acupuncture and so on. As for pathological dislocations, sometimes they require surgical intervention in order to restore joint function. In addition, it is necessary to treat the underlying disease, which is the cause of the pathology.

How long does a person recover?

Usually a full recovery of the functions of the damaged limb occurs after one month. To prevent this period, the doctors recommend minimizing the load on the joint.

If the dislocation is congenital, then it should be treatedotherwise. It is recommended to begin therapy as soon as possible. The optimal age of the child is up to two years. If you miss this moment from view, the patient may need a long-term overlap of special tires, as well as the regular wearing of orthopedic shoes or even surgical intervention.