Synovitis of the shoulder joint: causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

As is known, the main function of joints isproviding movements. In addition, cartilaginous formations are needed for bonding bone structures between each other. Therefore, the pathology of the joints leads not only to the difficulty of active movements, but also increases the risk of osteochondrosis and ankylosis. One of these diseases is synovitis. This inflammatory lesion of the inner surface of the joint is most often due to trauma. In most cases, one articulation is involved in the pathological process. Movement disorders and painful sensations occur when large joints are affected. An example is a synovitis of the humeral joint, in which there is discomfort in the withdrawal, raising the arm. It becomes difficult for a person to carry out the usual movements: to eat, write, carry a bag, etc.

What is this disease?

The synovitis of the shoulder joint is a commonpathology, which often do not pay attention. Especially if pain occurs on the side of the "non-working" hand. In such cases, the inflammation acquires a chronic nature of the course. Shoulder joint is constantly swollen and painful on palpation. Nevertheless, people rarely treat these complaints for medical help. This is due to the fact that diseases such as synovitis, bursitis of the shoulder joint are rarely accompanied by severe pain. Often people get used to discomfort and do not give it proper value. Nevertheless, one should know that even a moderate synovitis of the shoulder joint can gradually lead to irreversible consequences. The main one is the development of osteoarthritis. Synovitis is an inflammation of the connective tissue layer located on the inner surface of the joint. With this disease, swelling of the tissue is observed, resulting in a swelling in the articulation area. In addition, there is a change in the composition of the intra-articular (synovial) fluid. It is dominated by leukocytes, neutrophils or lymphocytes.

Causes

A synovitis of the shoulder joint may occurfor several reasons. In most cases, it develops as a result of exogenous factors. These include various types of injuries of the shoulder joint. For example, synovitis can occur with a fracture or the formation of a crack in the bones of the upper limb, an incorrect fusion under the gypsum. Sometimes inflammation of the inner joint surface occurs with dislocations and even bruises. Most often, such a pathology occurs in people engaged in active labor. These include athletes, sculptors, plasterers, etc.

In addition, the synovitis of the shoulder joint canobserved in systemic inflammatory reactions. Such diseases include rheumatoid arthritis, bone tuberculosis, gout, osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis. Also, synovitis can develop against a background of septic damage, infective endocarditis. With such pathologies, the inflammation of the inner surface of the joint arises from the ingress of microorganisms from distant foci with the blood flow. Symptoms of the disease develop due to a change in the impregnation of plasma through the vascular wall. As a result, there is a local edema. Pain syndrome is caused by the compression of the joint with synovial fluid, which is released in large quantities. Inflammation often changes to adjacent joint tissues. As a result, bursitis and arthritis develop.

Classification

Depending on the etiology, an infectiousand aseptic inflammation of the synovium. In the first case, the disease develops due to the penetration of bacterial or viral particles into the joint cavity. Pathogenic microorganisms enter the synovial fluid and multiply there. As a result, an inflammatory reaction develops. More often in such cases, other joints are affected. Aseptic synovitis is associated with bone injuries, sprains, sprains. Noninfectious inflammation can result from allergic reactions, endocrine and neurogenic disorders.

In addition, synovitis is classified bynature of the course of pathology. Thus, distinguish acute and chronic inflammation of the internal surface of the joint. Long-term pathology often leads to the development of complications.

Synovitis of the shoulder joint: symptoms, treatment of the disease

In most cases, synovitis does not lead tofull restriction of movements. Therefore, a person can do the usual work. Nevertheless, sharp movements in the shoulder joint are accompanied by a pain syndrome. Unlike arthritis, there is no deformation of the articulation. However, there is swelling in the shoulder area. With infectious inflammation, synovitis symptoms are combined with the clinical picture of the underlying disease. The severity of the pain syndrome depends on the nature of the exudate. With a purulent inflammatory process, the patient can not perform active movements in the joint. Treatment of synovitis is medication therapy. Also popular recipes are used to help cope with inflammation. In the development of severe complications resort to surgical intervention. Surgical treatment is necessary when a large amount of fluid accumulates in the joint cavity, and bone tissue becomes infected.

Stages of synovitis of the humeral articulation

Depending on the phase of the inflammatory reactionThere are 3 stages characteristic of such a pathology as the synovitis of the shoulder joint. Symptoms of the disease are directly related to the nature of the exudate. In a greater degree it concerns a painful syndrome. The first stage develops immediately after trauma or penetration of microorganisms into the joint cavity. It is characterized by a slight irritation of the synovium and hyperemia. Edema and exudation are not very pronounced. The stage of serous inflammation (the second) develops if the synovitis treatment has not been started. It is characterized by pronounced exudation and swelling of the tissues. In the study of synovial fluid, infiltration and proliferation of cells is detected. In the joint cavity a large amount of yellow exudate and fibrin clots accumulate. The transition to the third stage is observed with the development of purulent inflammation. Edema becomes more pronounced, a large number of leukocytes and neutrophils are found in the exudate. The synovitis of the shoulder joint is most dangerous at the stage of purulent inflammation. As a result of attaching bacterial infection to the pathological process, adjacent tissues are often involved. As a result, such complications as arthritis, osteomyelitis, sepsis develop.

Diagnostics

To suspect a synovitis of the right humeral jointmore often, since most people perform basic movements with this hand. This diagnosis is made on the basis of clinical picture, laboratory data and instrumental diagnostic methods. The main clinical manifestations are pain when moving by hand, swelling of the joint and smoothing out the contours. With significant edema, palpation of the shoulder bones is not always possible. If the disease has passed to the third stage, then there are symptoms such as fever, headache, deterioration of well-being. The synovitis of the left humerus has the same manifestations. Nevertheless, in the early stages of discomfort less often pay attention. The exception is people who work with their left hand. Changes in the general analysis of blood are observed with severe inflammation. Of great importance for differential diagnosis is the X-ray study. It helps distinguish synovitis from fracture and humerus fracture, dislocation of the joint. To establish the final diagnosis and stage of inflammation, microscopic examination of exudate is carried out.

Synovitis of the shoulder joint: treatment of the disease

Treatment should be aimed at cuppingpain syndrome, fight infection and prevent the development of complications. At the first and second stages of the disease, conservative therapy is sufficient. To reduce swelling, prescribe anti-inflammatory drugs. These include drugs "Diclofenac", "Artoxane". When infectious synovitis, the appointment of antibacterial medications is necessary. In some cases, injections are done directly into the joint cavity. In addition to drug therapy, a hard bandage is applied to the lesion area. This is necessary to limit movements in the joint.

Surgical treatment of synovitis

In some cases, surgicalintervention. It is necessary for a large amount of accumulated synovial fluid in the joint cavity. Treatment consists in the introduction of a needle into the affected area and the aspiration of the exudate. This procedure is carried out with a diagnostic purpose. With a purulent synovitis, surgical intervention is necessary. It consists in opening the joint cavity and providing drainage.

Prevention of synovitis and bursitis

Primary prevention consists in limiting physical exertion. If the activity of a person is connected with monotonous work by hands, it is necessary to alternate the motor activity with rest.