Our body contains a pigment calledmelanin, which is of decisive importance for the skin color, eye, hair color. The main task of melanin is to protect the human body from the harmful effects of ultraviolet rays. Therefore, residents of warm countries as a result of melanin production have a swarthy skin color. With an uneven accumulation of this pigment, spots appear on the body. Their appearance is a signal about the existing disorders in the functioning of the organism.

Types of pigment spots:

Freckles

Occur due to uneven distributionpigment cells, appear on the skin in the form of spots of various sizes and shades. Most often in the open areas of the body in red-haired girls and blondes, since their skin is more reactive to ultraviolet radiation.

Melasma

Their emergence is mainly affected by youngwomen. These pigmentation spots appear throughout the face due to hormonal factors, under the influence of sunlight. As a result of the connection of individual sections of the melasma, large spots of irregular shape can form.

Birthmarks

Can be congenital, but can manifest withtime. They arise as a result of a failure in the skin cells, which are overwhelmed with pigment. Under adverse conditions can cause cancer.

Vitiligo

White spots on the body, which cover most of it due to the cessation of the production of melanin by the body. Particularly noticeable in the summer.

Letingo

Spots on the body that have a round shape, which in diameter can reach 3 cm. They are more common in the elderly. They can also occur in young people with certain diseases.

Albinism

Dermal pigmentation, which is congenital. The body is not able to produce melanin. Skin and hair are white in color, and their eyes are red. People-albinos should constantly beware of the sun.

- liver dysfunction;

- disruption of the kidneys, gallbladder, other internal organs;

- malnutrition;

- disruption of the nervous system;

- lack of folic acid in the diet;

- improperly chosen means of skin care;

- prolonged exposure to the sun or in the solarium;

- and other reasons.

To a greater degree, the pigment spots appear in thewomen. Arise at any age. Most often, spots are formed on the neck, in the mouth, eye, on the joints, fingers, genitals. If your child develops pigmentation spots, you should always consult a dermatologist. Stains on the feet of children, as well as other parts of the body should be examined by a specialist in order to correctly diagnose and prescribe treatment, as self-medication can adversely affect their health.

Prevention

- to protect the skin from exposure to sunlight;

- wear clothes made of natural fabrics;

- abandon unverified cosmetics, various supplements and vitamins, as well as cosmetic procedures;

- eat foods rich in vitamins A, B and C.

Treatment

How is it treated?

1. An ultraviolet laser that acts on the spots without damaging the healthy skin around them;
2. Phototherapy, treatment is carried out with the help of light and can last up to a year;
3. PUVA-therapy, exposure to sunspots with ultraviolet long waves;
4. Photochemotherapy, helium-nylon laser is used;
5. Applying to the stains for a month a solution of copper sulphate;
6. Cryotherapy, the skin is treated with liquid nitrogen.

Along with the appointed doctor-dermatologist treatment, you can use folk remedies:

- 20g of lemon juice mixed with 200g of water and this solution wipe the affected areas of the skin;

- grate the cucumber and apply the resulting gruel to the problem areas;

- wipe the stains on the body with sour milk or kefir;

- use hydrogen peroxide;

- add the extract of celandine to the bath with water.