Anemia is a blood disease

Anemia is a condition that is characterized bydysfunction of the organs of hematopoiesis, a decrease in the concentration of hemoglobin and erythrocytes in a unit of blood volume. Since the main function of erythrocytes is the transport of oxygen in the body, their pathology (the appearance of immature erythrocytes, a decrease in the concentration of red blood cells in the body, the presence of cells with genetic defects) leads to the development of hypoxia.

The development of anemia can be associated with a multitude offactors (various diseases and intoxication, bone marrow hypoplasia, erythrocyte hemolysis, blood loss, etc.). Anemia is a disease accompanied by a violation of the respiratory function of the blood. With progressive anemia, a severe form of oxygen deficiency occurs, which can lead to death. It should be said that this disease is characterized not only by a decrease in the concentration of hemoglobin and erythrocytes, while also changing the biochemical profile of the blood.

The history of the disease anemia is associated with the Middle Ages. In those days, the patients were considered to be vampires because of their wits. Patients were offered to drink animal blood, this had a temporary positive effect. In ancient Greece, they noticed that rusty water helps in the treatment of anemia. In the 16th century, Paracelsus used iron oxide to treat the disease. At the beginning of the 20th century, a raw liver was successfully used for the treatment of anemia patients, and it was also established by scientists that it is in animal products that the greatest amount of iron available for the body is contained.

Classification of anemia

The classification is based on the pathogeneticprinciple. Taking into account the pathogenesis, anemia is classified into posthemorrhagic (arising from blood loss), hypoplastic (recorded in violation of blood circulation), hemolytic (formed as a result of increased hemolysis or blood loss).

Etiology and pathogenesis

Alimentary anemia is a disease,developing with a deficit in food or as a result of the assimilation of the body of substances that ensure the normal functioning of the organs of hematopoiesis. Such substances include protein, iron, copper, cobalt, vitamins B1, B12, Vs, ascorbic acid. Since people consume a significant amount of animal products, in practice, alimentary anemia is rare. Significantly more common anemia is secondary, which develops as a result of malabsorption of microelements or vitamins. Depending on how these compounds are absorbed in the body, anemia is classified into B12-, folic deficient and iron deficient.

B12-deficiency and folic acid deficiency anemia ispathology that develops due to a lack of cobalt food, vitamins B12, Vs, C, gastritis, gastroenteritis and fatty hepatosis. Secondary anemia also develops with chronic infections (tuberculosis), invasions, hypo- and avitaminosis.

With a shortage of cobalt foodintestinal microflora does not synthesize cyanocobalamin enough, while vitamins B12, Vs and C are necessary for normal differentiation of red blood cells. Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) is absorbed by the body only when it interacts with the internal anti-anemic factor-gastromucoprotein synthesized in the stomach. As a result of this interaction, a new antianemic substance is formed in the kidneys - erythropoietin, which enters the bloodstream and, together with ascorbic acid, transfers the vitamin B to the active form, tetrahydrofolic acid, responsible for normal erythropoiesis. The deficit of anti-anemic factors can develop as a result of stomach diseases, in which gastromucoprotein synthesis is disrupted. In this case, cyanocobalamin, supplied with food, is not used for the synthesis of erythropoietin. Inadequate synthesis of erythropoietin can also be a consequence of kidney disease.

With a deficiency of vitamin B12 and Vs, disturbances in the normal process of maturation of red bone marrow cells occur.