The state territory of Russia. Area, population, regions

The state territory is the share of the general earthsurface, which was under the sovereignty of a certain country. It contains land, the bowels of the earth, internal and territorial waters (12 kilometers from the coast), as well as airspace (at the altitude of aviation flight). Another sign of the state territory is the generally accepted border with other countries. In this article, we will examine in detail what is the state territory of Russia, and what are the characteristics of its population.

A bit of history

The history of the territory of Russia is supplemented every year. In different epochs, the Russian Federation has repeatedly changed its own limits. They were supplemented by the addition of new land. There are three periods of development of the territory of the Russian Federation.

The first period - XV-XVI centuries. At this stage, the basic territory was formed. The Moscow kingdom was created. At this time, Moscow was joined by the Yaroslavl Principality, Tver, Perm Region and Nizhny Novgorod.

The second period - XVI-XVII centuries. At this stage, the state territory of Russia was supplemented by Kazan, Samara, Volgograd, Ufa, Kiev, Left-bank Ukraine and Penza.

The third period - XVIII-XIX centuries. At this stage, the Russian Federation has become an empire. Orenburg and Troitsk were built.

State area

The total area of ​​Russia is about 12% of the terrestrialball. The Russian Federation, just like the Soviet Union before, is a state that has the largest territory in the world. Its most extreme points are the Baltic Spit, Ratmanov Island, Cape Dezhnev, Flieheli and Chelyuskin.

The total area of ​​Russia is 17.125 millionsquare kilometers. Today it is 76% of the former Soviet Union. Surprisingly, there are more than ten time zones on the territory of the Russian Federation. This is due to the fact that, for example, from the extreme west point to the east, the distance along the meridian is more than 4 thousand kilometers.

Parts of Russia are located on two continents. The third part of the Russian Federation is in Europe, and the rest in Asia. This causes a diverse climate in the territory of one country.

Administrative division of the territory of the Russian Federation

The main territories of Russia are characterized bypresence in its composition of 21 republics, 3 cities of federal significance and 46 regions. In addition, there are also 9 territories and 1 autonomous republic on the territory of the Russian Federation. By the way, in 2014 the Crimean peninsula also joined the state. In connection with this, two new entities appeared in Russia: the Republic of Crimea and the city of federal significance Sevastopol.

Borders of the Russian Federation on the map

The borders of Russia on the world map are lines andvertical surfaces passing along it. They determine the limits of the state territory of the Russian Federation. According to the world map, Russia borders on 16 countries. Surprisingly, the length of the state border is more than 50 thousand kilometers.

Two years ago, Russia's borders on the map expanded. Already in September 2014 an updated version of the map with the Crimean peninsula, which was part of the Russian Federation two years ago, was published.

The national composition of the Russian Federation. Russian population

On the territory of the Russian Federation residesmore than 100 different national minorities. Each of them has its own culture and values. By the way, the Russian Federation is considered a multinational country. Absolutely all peoples on the territory of Russia have the same rights, and some of them also have statehood.

The most numerous nation in the territoryThe Russian Federation is Russian. They make up more than 80% of the total population. The Russian population lives in all parts of the country. They are representatives of the Eastern Slavs. Belarusians and Ukrainians also belong to this group. They inhabit the western and southern part of the country.

Finish, Ugrian and Türks

Another residents of Russia are Finns. Most often they live in independent districts. The Finnish group includes Finns, Estonians and Karelians. They inhabit the northwestern parts of Russia. The Far North of the Russian Federation are inhabited by the Ugrians. These include Khanty and Mansi.

Another large language group thatlives on the territory of Russia, - these are the Turks. These include the Tatars, Bashkirs and Yakuts. Most often they live in the north of the state. The number of Tatars living in the country is more than 5 million, the Bashkirs - 2 million, and the Yakuts - 390,000.

As we found out earlier, in the territory of the Russian FederationThe Federation is home to a large number of the most diverse national minorities. All languages ​​have equality. However, the state is Russian. By the way, there are more than 150 different nationalities living on the territory of the Russian Federation.

Religious composition of the Russian Federation

The most popular religion on the territoryThe Russian Federation is Christianity. The number of representatives is 74% of the total number of inhabitants of Russia. This number includes Catholics, Protestants and Orthodox.

Another large religious denomination in the territory of the Russian Federation is Islam. The number of residents with such a religion is 7%.

The state territory of Russia, as wesaid earlier, densely populated by a wide variety of religious denominations. The third place in the number of representatives is Buddhism. Today, the number of citizens of such a religion is 400 million. On September 26, 1997, the Constitution of the Russian Federation adopted a decree "On Freedom of Choice of Religion." This bill allows you to choose the faith yourself.

Regions of the Russian Federation

The state territory of Russia includes89 regions. Each of them has its own representation. According to the statistics of this year, the most densely populated region is Moscow and the region. The number of people living there is more than 15 million citizens. The second place in the number of occupies the Krasnodar Territory. The number of residents is 5 million.

If we talk about federal districts, the mostdensely populated is the Central. It has almost 40 million inhabitants. The second place is taken by the Volga Federal District. There live 29 million citizens.

Population of the Russian Federation

The total number of inhabitants of the Russian Federation inToday was 146 million inhabitants. It is worth emphasizing that since last year this figure has increased by 0.18%. The increase occurred in all districts, except Privolzhsky. The most noticeable increase in the population occurred on the Crimean peninsula. There, the percentage of residents over the past year increased by 1.25%.

Very few people know, but make a recalculationthe population for 2014 failed. This is due to the addition of two new entities. As we said earlier, this is the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol. Speaking about population growth, we can not say about birth statistics. Its coefficient was 13 newborns per 1,000 inhabitants.

In 2014, an interesting calculation was carried out. Rosstat calculated the current life expectancy. According to statistics, to date, it is an average of 73 years. It is also worth noting that the population in the Russian Federation is extremely unevenly distributed. Most of the citizens live on the European continent. It is only 20% of the entire territory of the Russian Federation.

National Policy

The national policy will be helped by ourarticle and geography. The territory of Russia is characterized by the presence of a large number of representatives of religious confessions and national minorities. Almost each of them is interested in what rights in the territory of the Russian Federation are citizens of other countries. According to the Russian Constitution, adopted in 1996, the state guarantees absolute equality regardless of nationality, religious or linguistic affiliation. Also, every citizen has the right to speak in his native language. On it, he can also receive training.

It is worth noting that in the territoryThe Russian Federation prohibits the promotion of superiority on any national grounds. This is confirmed by Article 29 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. This decree provides for punishment for violation. This is either a penalty charge, which is from 100 to 300 thousand rubles, or a term of imprisonment of up to three years. In many countries it is 5 years. By the way, recently the Government of the Russian Federation is considering a variant of tougher measures, and it is possible that the bill will soon come into force.

Knowledge of the national language

As we said earlier, the territory of the RussianThe Federation is densely populated by the most diverse national minorities. Six years ago, Rosstat conducted a census of the population. According to statistics, 94% of citizens were fluent in Russian. In 2002, their number was 99%.

The largest number of citizens of othernationalities who live in the Russian Federation and speak the Russian language are Chechens. Also in 2010, a large number of citizens were interviewed. Rosstat tried to find out what language they consider native. According to statistics, more than 5% of citizens of other nationalities consider Russian their language.

Let's sum up the results

As we said earlier, the Russian Federation -multinational country. This is due to the fact that the state has a large enough area. The Russian Federation borders 16 countries. The government of Russia is quite loyal and tolerant to citizens of other nationalities. A large number of bills are provided that make their life in the Russian Federation comfortable. Moreover, it is on the territory of Russia that there are not only 11 time zones, but also different climatic zones. If you want to change your state and move to the Russian Federation, you can safely do it. Everyone is taken care of here, regardless of nationality or religious affiliation.