The most frequent pathological types of breathing
Pathological types of respiration are a state for which a group rhythm is characteristic, often accompanied by periodic stops or intercalary inhalations.
Causes of violation
If the rhythm of the inspiration is disturbed and the outlet, depth, and also during pauses and changes in respiratory movements, pathological types of respiration are observed. The reasons for this can serve as:
- Accumulation in the blood of exchange products.
- Hypoxia and hypercapnia caused by acute circulatory disorders.
- Violation of the ventilation of the lungs, caused by intoxication of various types.
- Edemas of the reticular formation.
- The defeat of the respiratory system by a viral infection.
- Violation of blood circulation in the brain stem.
During the violation, patients may presentcomplaints of blurred vision, intermittent breathing stops, increased inhalation or exhalation. With a pathological type of breathing, there may be an increase in blood pressure during the amplification phase, and on attenuation it falls.
Types of pathological respiration
There are several types of pathologicalrespiration. The most common include those that are associated with an imbalance between excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system. This type of ailments includes the following types:
- Cheyne-Stokes.
- Kussmaul.
- Grocco.
- Biotov breathing.
Each type has its own characteristics.
Type of Cheyne-Stokes
This type of pathological respiration is characterized byperiodicity of respiratory movements with pauses of different lengths. So, the duration can reach a minute. In this case, patients first notice short-term stops, without any sounds. Gradually the duration of the pause increases, the breathing becomes noisy. Approximately to the eighth inspiration, the stopping time reaches a maximum. Then everything happens in the reverse order.
In patients with the Chain-Stokes type, the amplitudeincreases during movements of the chest. Then, the fading of the movements occurs, until the breath is completely stopped for a while. Then the process is restored, starting the cycle first.
This type of pathological respiration in humansaccompanied by apnea up to one minute. In most cases, the Cheyne-Stokes type arises from the hypoxia of the brain, but can be recorded with poisoning, uremia, cerebral hemorrhage, various trauma.
Clinically, this type of impairment manifests itself in the dimness of consciousness, up to its complete loss, by disturbances in the heart rhythm, paroxysmal dyspnoea.
The resumption of breathing restores the oxygen supply of the brain, dyspnea passes, the clarity of consciousness normalizes, and the patients come to their senses.
Biotte type
Pathological type of respiration Biota representsa periodic violation, in which there is an alternation of rhythmic movements with long pauses. Their duration can reach one and a half minutes.
This type of pathology occurs in lesionsbrain, pre-shock and shock states. Also this variety can develop with infectious pathologies that damage the organs of the respiratory system. In some cases, Biotte's pathological type of breathing is caused by problems from the central nervous system.
The type of Biotte leads to serious violations of cardiac activity.
Pathological type of Groco
The breath of Grocco is called in another wayundulating subspecies. In its current, it is similar to the type of Chain-Stokes, but instead of pauses, weak, shallow breaths and exhalations are observed. Behind him, the depth of breathing increases, and then the decrease.
This kind of shortness of breath is arrhythmic. He can move to Cheyne Stokes and back.
Breath of Kussmaul
This species was first described by the Germanscientist A. Kussmaul in the century before last. This type of pathology manifests itself in severe ailments. During the breathing of Kussmaul, the patients experience noisy convulsive breaths with rare deep respiratory movements and complete stopping.
Kussmaul type refers to terminal typesrespiration, which can be observed in hepatic, diabetic coma, as well as poisoning with alcohols and other substances. As a rule, patients are in a coma.
Pathological respiration: table
The presented table with pathological types of respiration will help to see more clearly their basic similarities and differences.
Symptom | Chain Stokes | Biotte | Breath of Grocro | Kussmaul type |
Stop breathing | there is | there is | No | No |
Breath | With increasing noise | Suddenly stops and starts | Noisy | Rare, deep, noisy |
Deeply entered pathological processes andsevere acidification of blood lead to single sighs and various rhythm disorders. Pathological types can be observed in a variety of clinical ailments. It can be not only a coma, but also ARVI, tonsillitis, meningitis, pneumatox, gaspin syndrome, paralysis. Most often, changes are associated with impaired brain function, bleeding.
