Imperative mood in Russian: rule, examples

The verb is one of the most important parts of speech. It serves to describe the action, the designation of a certain process, that is, without it there will be absolutely nothing, only a meaningless name for a phenomenon that can not manifest itself in any way, by fixing itself in a certain state. This nominative part of speech is characterized by such permanent morphological features as appearance, recurrence, transitivity and conjugation, while the nonconstant species include gender, person, number, time and inclination. The latter will be discussed in this article. How to determine the mood of a verb in the Russian language, what does it influence, for which it is generally necessary? Let's try to understand and, importantly, remember.

What is an inclination? General view

In principle, the inclination of some scientistsdefine as "attitude to reality". Quite an abstract formulation, not particularly explaining the meaning of this morphological feature, is to be confessed. But if you try to understand, everything becomes very clear.

In total there are three inclinations. An incriminating inclination in the Russian language indicates a real action and is used in all three times - it is the most common and, therefore, the easiest to remember. Or the most difficult. The existence of it in three time forms allows you to conjugate verbs in all available ways, because of which you have to memorize a huge number of endings, which is not always so easy.

Imperative inclination in Russian is alsooccurs quite often. It means an order, a request, an instruction-any action that a person must perform not on his own, but at the will of the interlocutor. Verbs in the imperative mood exist only in two forms, which, of course, simplifies the work with them, but at the same time creates certain difficulties for those who are not native speakers of the Russian language and can not intuitively choose the right ending.

Conditional mood in Russian, its morecalled subjunctive, shows the unreal action possible under certain conditions. It is called the simplest: only one form, changing only by birth, to which a particle is added-it is not difficult to determine such an element in the text.

Now, when we have a basic idea of ​​what inclinations are in the Russian language, examples will help us understand the rule better.

Imperative inclination - for what, how

So, we continue to consider the imperativeinclination in Russian. As mentioned above, it denotes, based on the name, a command in any of its forms: an order, a request, a polite commission-a semantic hue depends only on intonation, no special features in the formation of the form, depending on the motive that the speaker puts.

Imperative inclination in the Russian language is a rule that has been deposited in our subconscious, we apply it without even thinking. But still understand why this is so, and not otherwise, is necessary.

In order to use verbs inimperative, first of all you need to determine who to contact. To address the request to the person to whom the speaker refers to “you,” the appropriate singular form is used. For its formation it is necessary to take away the ending from the verb in the indicative mood (read, read, read, run, run, run, be, wake...) and add one of the two vowels (and or th) or a soft sign (read, run, be). Fortunately, native speakers of Russian usually intuitively feel what ending to choose, therefore setting the verb to the second person singular of the imperative mood usually does not cause difficulties.

If we address a person to “you” or want to address our request to a group of people, then the form of the only number of imperative will simply add “those” (read, run, be) - everything is much simpler than it seems at first glance.

Is everything so easy?

But this is the Russian language - where is it without exception? No one has canceled verbs in which root vowels and consonants change, when conjugated, or even the root is completely. For example "eat-eat-go-go-go-go". Here, unfortunately, the rule is useless; either an intuition or a banal subconscious knowledge of the necessary form will help — otherwise it cannot.

The imperative in Russian language -the simplest topic, for mastering which it is necessary to be able to form the singular form of the second person of this mood, and, if necessary, simply add a “polite” ending to it.

The use of exception forms is not as frequentto be a serious difficulty for native speakers. Foreigners, however, will have to work hard to gain an understanding of the imperative mood of the verb.

And a few more features

First, you need to take into account the form of the verb: an imperfect type is formed only from imperfect type verbs - they answer the question "What to do?" (open-open-open), while the perfect view, respectively, is only from the perfect one with the question "What to do?" (slightly open slightly open slightly open).

Another interesting thing related to the imperfect form of the verb: the presence of the suffix "wa" after the roots "means-", "yes-", "one-" (as in the words KNOW, GIVE, INSERT). Usually, to form an imperative mood, the verb is put in the first person of the singular that corresponds to the pronoun “I” (I know, I give, I get up), that is, this suffix disappears, as in all other forms of the verb (learns, give, get). But in the imperative mood, the suffix returns (learn, give, get up), it is impossible to forget about it in any case.

And the subjunctive? Education and application

We turn to the subjunctive conditional mood. Here everything is much simpler than even imperative. The peculiarity of the use of this mood is that for its formation the past tense form is used, changing according to the gender and the number of the object of the utterance, that is, to say about the subject in the singular, we use the singular forms of the past tense (go paint), and if we are talking about a group of people or one to whom we respectfully refer to “you,” the plural of the same past tense is used (indicated talked).

The second component of the subjunctive mood is the particles "would" and "b" - their choice depends on the context and is most often caused by the harmoniousness of the phrase.

That is, when we want to show the possibility of action under any condition, we take the verb in the appropriate form of the past tense and add the necessary particle to it: would tell, would go, would laugh.

A little more about the features of use

This form, by the way, is used not only to express an action under a certain condition, but also in the case when we want to express dreams, desires (would like to dream) and concerns, doubts (would not have happened). Probably, it would be more correct to say that all these shades are used equally, therefore the name “conditional mood” used in school textbooks is very conditional (a funny pun turns out), it is better to use the term “subjunctive mood”.

And now all again and briefly

In principle, the whole theory is described above according to the simple rule of inclination in the Russian language. The table will help fix it.

Mood	How is formed	Examples
Indicative	According to the rules of verb conjugation	Catch up, refuse, I will sing
Subjunctive	The corresponding form of the past tense + would be	Out, would appear, would pronounce
Imperative	The only number: the personal form of the verb is the ending + and / d / ь Plural: singular + TE	Speak dry

Practice, practice, and practice again!

For the final consolidation of the learned material, try to put the following verbs in different moods.

• In indicative: draw, laugh, drive, rustle, answer, hate, go out, refuse, set, proud, tear off, order, purr, hope, scratch.
• In imperative: go, deny, shout, call, get, dream, reach, turn off, give, blossom, burn, curse, boast, imagine, be aware.
• Subjunctive: paint, visit, appear, command, destroy, keep warm, breathe, freeze, buy, ask, reduce, break, make, congratulate, think.

Summing up

Indicative, subjunctive and imperativemoods are one of those basic rules that do not require special memorization and are applied for the most part automatically, according to the feeling of the language that every carrier has. But at the same time, in no case can one deny the need to study at least the basic theory: without knowing the rule, one can never understand certain features of a linguistic phenomenon.

In any case, the practice is sometimes much moreeffective teacher than dry theory. A huge plus specifically of this case is that we apply this rule every day, so that it will not be difficult to assimilate it.