Life and work of Ludwig van Beethoven. Works by Beethoven
Ludwig van Beethoven was born in the era of the greatchanges, the main of which was the French Revolution. That is why the theme of the heroic struggle became the main in the composer's work. The struggle for republican ideals, the desire for change, a better future - these ideas lived Beethoven.
Childhood and youth
Realizing that his son has a musical talent,his father, wanting to see Beethoven's second Mozart, began to force the boy to work long and hard. However, hopes were not justified, Ludwig was not a child prodigy, but he received good compositional knowledge. And thanks to this, in 12 years his first work was published: "Piano variations on the theme of Dressler's march".
Beethoven in 11 years begins to work in the theatricalorchestra, without finishing school. Until the end of his days he wrote with errors. However, the composer read a lot and without any help he learned French, Italian and Latin.
The early period of Beethoven's life was not the most productive, in ten years (1782-1792) only about fifty works were written.
The Vienna period
Beethoven's works of this period differits scale, there are two symphonies, "Christ on the Mount of Olives" - a famous and only oratorio. But at the same time the disease - deafness - makes itself felt. Beethoven understands that it is incurable and rapidly progresses. From hopelessness and doom, the composer deepens into creativity.
Central period
This period dates from 1802-1012 andis characterized by the flowering of Beethoven's talent. Overcoming the suffering caused by the disease, he saw the similarity of his struggle with the struggle of revolutionaries in France. Beethoven's works embodied these ideas of perseverance and steadfastness of spirit. They were especially bright in the "Heroic Symphony" (Symphony No. 3), the opera "Fidelio", "Appassionate" (Sonata No. 23).
Transitional period
Following political changes,cultural situation. Literature and music depart from Beethoven's usual heroic classicism. Romanticism begins to seize the liberated positions. The composer accepts these changes, creates a symphonic fantasy "Battle of Vattoria", a cantata "Happy Moment". Both creations have great success with the public.
However, not all Beethoven's works of thisperiod are as follows. Paying tribute to the new fashion, the composer begins to experiment, to seek new ways and musical techniques. Many of these findings were recognized as genius.
Later work
The last years of Beethoven's life were markedpolitical decline in Austria and the progressive disease of the composer - deafness has become absolute. Without a family, immersed in silence, Beethoven took up his nephew for education, but he only brought disappointment.
Beethoven's works of the late periodStrikingly different from all that he wrote earlier. Romanticism takes precedence, and the ideas of struggle and confrontation of the light and the dark take on a philosophical character.
In 1823, the world's greatest creation (as he believed himself) Beethoven - "Solemn Mass", first sounded in St. Petersburg.
Beethoven: "To Elise"
This work became the most famous creationBeethoven. However, during the life of the composer, the bagatelle No. 40 (formal name) was not widely known. The manuscript was discovered only after the death of the composer. In 1865, Ludwig Zohl, a researcher of Beethoven's creativity, found it. He received it from the hands of a woman who claimed that it was a gift. Time to write the bagatelles could not be established, since it was dated April 27, without indicating the year. In 1867 the work was published, but the original, unfortunately, was lost.
Who is Eliza, to whom the pianominiature, is for certain unknown. There is even a suggestion put forward by Max Unger (1923) that originally the work was called "To Theresa", and Zero simply misunderstood Beethoven's handwriting. If you accept this version for truth, then the play is dedicated to the student of the composer - Therese Malfatti. Beethoven was in love with the girl and even offered her, but was refused.
Despite the many beautiful and wonderful works written for the pianoforte, Beethoven for many is inseparably connected with this mysterious and enchanting play.