Home ventilation: the principle of operation and arrangement
Any manifestations of human lifeserve as a source of air pollution in the house. When breathing carbon dioxide is released, in the kitchen and toilet there are unpleasant smells, when using the shower, the microclimate in the premises becomes more humid. Therefore, to make living in the house as comfortable as possible, it is necessary to equip ventilation. There are several varieties of such systems.
Home ventilation and climate in the apartment
Communication systems of this type inmandatory installation in any city apartment. There is ventilation in many private homes. The main purpose of such systems is to ensure in the premises of normal air exchange.
Reviews of property owners on ventilation equipment are good primarily because its use gives the following advantages:
washed laundry dries much faster;
Do not mist over a window;
Do not damp the walls;
Any unpleasant smells leave the apartment;
It's much easier to breathe in the rooms.
Types of household ventilation
By the method of air movement, all systems of this kind are divided into two main varieties:
natural ventilation;
artificial.
The advantage of systems of the first type issimplicity in arrangement. In another way, this kind of home ventilation is called a "slit" ventilation. It is this type of system that is commonly used in old small urban flats. In this case, no electrical equipment is used. Air enters the rooms through the cracks in the windows and doors, and is removed through a common ventilation vent.
The principle of operation of such a system is extremely simple. Outdoors, the air is usually colder than in the house. His warm masses always go up. That is, most of the year, natural home ventilation with proper installation can work quite effectively. However, in the summer, when it's hotter in the street than in the house, such a system, of course, will not perform its functions.
Arrangement of artificial ventilationinvolves the use of special equipment. Such systems, of course, perform their functions much better than natural ones. In turn, artificial ventilation is classified into:
supply;
exhaust;
Supply and exhaust.
Principle of operation of air ventilation
This type of system can be general or local. In the latter case, fresh air is supplied only to one room. The main equipment of such systems is a special unit with a fan. The latter creates the necessary pressure to force air into the room. To use such domestic ventilation in an apartment or house can only in "clean" rooms - halls, living rooms, bedrooms, etc. In kitchens and bathrooms such systems are not installed.
More recently blocks of this varietymounted only in the premises of a very large area - in warehouses, supermarkets, stations, etc. Today, there is also domestic supply of fresh air for sale. These are small installations with ducts. The exhaust air with the use of such systems is removed naturally - through the hood.
Advantages and disadvantages of ventilation
The advantages of systems of this type include, first of all:
relative cheapness of equipment;
simplicity in installation;
cheapness in operation.
The disadvantages of such systems are:
rather large dimensions of the block;
noise.
When used in the premises of the air-handling unit, it is necessary to take care of additional sound insulation.
Features of installation of air-conditioning units
In addition to the unit, such home ventilation (in an apartment or a house it is installed - it does not matter) includes the following elements:
valve;
connecting tubes;
outer grating.
The valve is installed above the radiator. Preliminary under it make the markup. In the drilled hole in the wall, insert a tube wrapped in insulation. Mount it so that it protrudes from the side of the street by about 8-10 mm. Next, using the dowel-nails insert the device itself. At the next stage, the filters are mounted, coal and noise absorbing. Complete the valve assembly by installing a grate. Next, mount the block itself.
Exhaust ventilation
This type of system is more popular with ownersreal estate. Unlike the supply air, such domestic ventilation carries out the exchange of air by pulling it out of the room with the help of special equipment. Very often such systems are installed in urban apartments. Their installation is advisable if there are plastic windows and doors in the rooms. After all, cracks in such constructions can not be by definition. And consequently, the standard natural system in this case is simply ineffective.
Domestic ventilation by hand: installation features
The main equipment of such a system is a fan. Install it in the house-building duct. Installation is carried out in the following order:
The grating is removed from the channel outlet;
the fan itself is installed;
Seal the remaining cracks with sealant.
The influx of fresh air using such asystem is provided by the installation of valves. Mount them behind the radiators, pre-drill holes of the appropriate diameter in the walls.
Another type of such ventilation is the kitchen hood. It is installed above the gas cooker according to the instructions and is connected to a standard household outlet 220 V.
Principle of operation and design of supply and exhaust equipment
Such systems of home ventilation are usedusually in large country cottages. They are worth more than supply and exhaust. Designing them is often assigned to specialists. The supply and exhaust ventilation combines all the advantages of the above artificial systems. Replacement of air in the apartment with its use is faster and better. In addition, the supply and exhaust system, if necessary, can be supplemented with special air conditioners and air humidifiers.
The main element of the design of such ventilation are:
Supply and exhaust unit;
feeding and discharging lines;
recuperator.
The latest version of the equipmentIt is designed to take the heat of the air thrown out of the house and give it back to the incoming air. The use of such a supplement in the ventilation system allows you to significantly save on heating.
Very often home ventilation(supply and exhaust) is supplemented with a device such as a heater. The use of such equipment prevents the formation of ice in the system due to condensation. In addition, this device provides additional heating for incoming air from the street. In ventilation systems, electric or water heaters can be used.
Basic stages of installation
How to make ventilation in an apartment or a house with supply and exhaust, certainly would like to know many property owners. Assembly of such systems is usually carried out in several steps:
a detailed system design is drawn up;
the supply and exhaust unit is installed;
recuperator is connected;
air ducts are mounted;
the heater is installed;
Decorative grilles are mounted.
If the assembly of the system can also be madeindependently, the drafting of the project is usually entrusted to specialists. Errors in this matter can not be allowed. Otherwise, the system will work inefficiently. In addition, owners of the house are waiting for such problems as the appearance of foreign smells in living rooms (from the kitchen and bathroom).
Mounting recommendations
Home ventilation, use reviewswhich, of course, good, if necessary, can be collected by themselves. The supply and exhaust unit in the house is usually installed in the attic or in the basement. Most often it is simply installed on a stand, previously aligned in level. Ducts for cottages usually choose corrugated flexible. Such trunks are much easier to stretch in the floors. For supply ducts in the walls, according to the project, holes are made. Connect mains through special valves with filters. The venting pipe is led out to the roof.
From the main roads to the rooms spend their sleeves. To connect them also make holes in the walls. Usually the supply duct is taken out at the bottom of the room, and the outflowing duct is at the top. Such an arrangement is explained by the usual laws of physics. Warm air always rises up. To the supply and exhaust unit, the mains are connected through the branch pipes in the order specified in the instructions.
The electric heater is installed inclose proximity to the unit with recuperator (although this condition is optional in the mandatory system). To connect it to the attic or in the basement, the wiring is extended. The water heater is connected to the heating system (to the supply line on the bypass) and, as well as the electric heater, is inserted into the air duct. This device is something like a radiator. Inside it a "snake" passes the pipe along which the coolant moves.
Optional Devices
Of course, ventilation at home or apartment(forced) makes the microclimate in the premises much more comfortable for living. But in summer the air on the street warms up strongly. And his entry into the house can change the microclimate in the rooms for the worse. In order to avoid this, a special air conditioner can be installed in the supply duct. In most cases, such devices operate on freon. Sometimes they are also called cooling calorifiers. They are connected to a normal household electrical system. Sometimes special air humidifiers are installed in the supply duct of the system. The purpose of these devices is the same as that of air conditioners - the creation in the home of the house the most comfortable for living microclimate.
Manufacturers
Issue ventilation systems and accessoriesto them today many companies. For example, you can purchase equipment of brands "Uniflex", "Ruzaevsky polymer", etc. The owners of flats enjoy the most popular equipment manufactured by the domestic company "Domvent". This manufacturer delivers to the market special quality valves, allowing easy and simple upgrade of natural ventilation. This company has been operating since 2010. The devices produced by her are suitable not only for residential, but also for office premises, as well as for small houses. Their main advantages are maximum ease of installation, efficiency and long life. In 2014 Domestic Ventilation Domovent won in the All-Russian competition "The Best Goods of the Year".
Instead of concluding
Natural ventilation systems, thus, inour time is suitable, perhaps, only for small suburban dacha constructions with old withered wooden frames and for various kinds of outbuildings. In residential houses, it is more appropriate to use a forced air exchange scheme.
The best way to install an exhaustartificial ventilation, and in the cottage - a supply or supply and exhaust. The use of such equipment will make the microclimate in the dwelling much more comfortable and healthy.
