Principles of organization of the production process
When organizing production, one can not but proceedfrom certain principles, the appropriate use of which will increase the efficiency of work in the enterprise and make the expenditure of resources more rational. Main principles of production organization include: the principle of differentiation, specialization, concentration and integration, proportionality, directness, parallelism, rhythm, continuity, flexibility, automatism, electronization. All of them differ in importance and can have different values in different conditions.
The principle of differentiation has in mind the division of production into severaltechnological processes, transitions, operations and receptions. Analysis of a single element makes it possible to select the most favorable conditions for its implementation, which ensure the minimization of the costs of all resources. However, excessive differentiation is the cause of increased fatigue in manual operations due to the intensity and monotony of production processes.
The principle of differentiation follows in principle of concentration and integration when using modern equipment. The organization of production involves a reasonable combination of all the basic and additional processes that can provide the shortest time for its successful implementation. Do not forget that the main goal of the organization of production is to save time and ensure production efficiency and high product quality.
The following principles of the organization of the production process are considered common and can take place either singly or in combination.
Principle of specialization production is based on minimizationa variety of ongoing work and production processing regimes. For example, to make the organization of the production process more appropriate, in some cases, employees have to master adjacent specialties to ensure the interchangeability of employees in production. Similar principles of organization also imply limiting the range of products or parts.
Principle of proportionality based on the consistency of all elements of production, and primarily - on production capacity and productivity. It must be respected in both the main and auxiliary processes.
Parallelism work in production means simultaneousthe implementation of production operations, as well as the fact that the principles of organization equally affect the production process and its individual elements. Parallelism can manifest itself both in the performance of a single operation, and in related operations and processes.
The following principle - principle of directness. It means ensuring the shortest path of movement of assembly units and parts in production. Principle of continuity is expressed in the continuity of the work of equipment and workers and the movement of the object of labor. This principle, like other principles of organization, is very important in the production process.
The principle of rhythmicity based on the production of equal volumes of products. Rhythmicity allows to use production capacities of the enterprise most fully and effectively.
In the conditions of modern production process, it is very important to observe principle of automaticity, since it is he who increases the intensification andproduction efficiency. Automation leads to an improvement in the quality of work, an increase in the total volume of output of parts, the replacement of manual labor with intellectual, and so on.
As you can see, the principles of production organizationare very diverse, but all directly affect the production process and its quality, so it is important to adhere to each of them in the relevant situations at various stages of product manufacturing.
