Locomotive depot. RZD: locomotive depot

The locomotive depot is the point at which maintenance or repair works are carried out. It is also called the traction part.

General information

Locomotive depots are divided into two categories. They can be basic and negotiable. The first are intended for registering locomotives. Secondly, the preparation of locomotives, which follow the main (operational) locomotive depot. The turning point is designed for maintenance of locomotives. They also carry out a second volume inspection. Here there are rest homes for the staff. Currently, the repair locomotive depot also stands out as a separate category. Objects of this type do not have a registered fleet of locomotives. At the same time, large repair works are being carried out in these depots, which are aimed at meeting the needs of one or several railways.

Historical information. Features of construction

Operational locomotive depot is alwayswas an integral part of the railways. The construction of such an object depended on many factors. For example, on the complexity of the profile section of Russian Railways. The locomotive depot was to be built at a certain distance from the neighboring one. As a rule, between them was fifty-one hundred kilometers. Particularly located traction parts on the line connecting the capital of Russia and St. Petersburg. The locomotive depot was located near the reverse. The estimated intensity of traffic on the site determined the number of locomotive stalls. At the initial stage, the repair of wagons was also carried out in the depot. A few years after the opening of the railways, changes were required. The workshop and the locomotive depot have become independent enterprises. Until 1933, a single rolling stock service controlled all elements of the system. Later, the government decided that the carload economy would become an independent branch of railway transport.

New classification

The locomotive depots had such a name up totransition to the use of diesel and electric traction. After that, the items received at their disposal several types of locomotives. Locomotives and electric locomotives were delivered here. Then the name changed. Each item became known as a "locomotive depot", after several electric locomotives, diesel locomotives and locomotives arrived at the disposal. Motor-car began to be those items that had the attributive park. They also carried out repairs and operation of diesel and electric trains. As a rule, there were several maneuverable locomotives there. These items were also called "electrodepos". The general term used for the name of these objects is locomotive farming.

Further development

In the 70's. the number of locomotive parks has increased, as the volume of transportation has increased significantly. Some of the major points numbered more than two hundred convoys. Depot could no longer provide high-quality service for all types of locomotives. At that time, the points began to specialize in the maintenance of individual series. Some depots carried out "lifting" works to meet the needs of locomotive stations along the entire length of the road, and in some cases even several. Uninterrupted operation required equipment with necessary equipment, such as bench and machine tools. Priority was given to the supply of spare parts.

Introduction of new categories

A combination of the above factors andthe site where this or that locomotive depot was located, became the reason of the next divisions. Traction parts were allocated to the following categories for the purpose: maneuverable, motorized, passenger and freight. The latter were located at large sorting and junction stations. Passenger depots were on the relevant sections of the railway. Few items have a narrow specialization. The main locomotive depot in most cases can play the role of a turnaround. It can also perform other functions. For example, many locomotive points Sennaya, Rtishchevo and Petrov Val are turnarounds for Saratov. Most depots perform several functions. For example, locomotive points can simultaneously be maneuverable, cargo and passenger. Those in the 80's. were locomotive depots of Moscow, Rtishchevo, Saratov, Volgograd and Orenburg. The latter functions in this mode to this day.

Functioning in the period of the USSR

At that time, locomotive depots operatedpreventive maintenance system. The given structure assumed carrying out of corresponding works taking into account norms of between-repair run. Before the locomotive depot there were many tasks. For their timely resolution on the territory of the points it was required to place the following elements.

1. Fuel storage. It is designed to store stocks of various lubricants, oils and fuels.
2. Technical service center. It is needed to carry out the equipping of locomotives and their repair.
3. Turning triangle or circle. It is designed to conduct a technological or periodic turn of the locomotive.
4. Outfitting point. Most often it is combined with the locomotive maintenance center.
5. Repair shop. It is designed for major reconstruction work.
6. Supporting items. They are necessary for repair of individual units and units of the locomotive.
7. Center of rheostat tests. It is designed to carry out the relevant work.
8. Holiday House. Members of locomotive crews can use them during inter-races.
9. Administrative building. It is designed to accommodate dressing rooms, showers, workrooms and engineering staff.

A lot of elements can be located in locomotive points. For example, treatment plants, boiler rooms, facilities for washing compounds and other production units.

Territory planning

There are several options for internalstructure of items. For example, the first depots were circular in shape. The setting of the locomotives at these points was carried out by moving them along one of the through paths with further installation on the right ditch. The latter was carried out by means of a turning circle in the center of the barn. The celestial depot planning was applied later. Variants with a turning circle were also used. At the beginning of the XX century, after the construction and reconstruction of the depot, a rectangular-step structure of the repair premises was widely used.

Point of the Nikolayevskaya Railway

This locomotive depot is one of the mostold in Russia. It is a monument of cultural heritage. The object is included in the ensemble of buildings of the Nikolayevsky Railway Station on Komsomolskaya Square. It, in turn, is also a historical territory. This depot has a round structure. It began to be built in the middle of the XIX century. For the project was responsible architect Konstantin Andreevich Ton. Nine locomotive depots were built on the line. Nikolaev station was located near the reservoir, unlike the rest. The locomotive depot was located on the bank of the Red Pond. This factor influenced the introduction of major changes in the project. The structure was on a high base, and the workshops were built separately. This was due to the fact that the locomotive depot was in the form of a circle. A water reservoir was erected around it, which was built on an individual project. The architectural elements of the building made it look like a fortress tower.