Use of platelet-rich plasma. Platelets enriched with platelets where and for what is used?
One of the newest non-surgical methods of treatment are injections of platelet-enriched plasma. They are designed to treat various injuries and a number of diseases of the musculoskeletal system.
Use of the method
Currently in the world, treatment withthese injections are becoming increasingly popular. After all, the platelet-rich plasma contains special growth factors. They play one of the most important roles in the restoration of bones, muscles, ligaments and tendons. This method promotes wound healing, intra-articular recovery of hyaluronic acid, coagulation and hemostasis. It also has analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects.
The greatest effectiveness of such therapy showswith the following diseases: epicondylitis, tendinitis, enthesopathy, tendinosis. Also, it can be prescribed if false joints appear, with delayed fusion of fractured bones, cartilage damage, which are often observed in trauma and osteoarthritis. But this is not a complete list when a platelet-enriched plasma is used. It also helps to speed up healing after surgical interventions, such as endoprosthetics or arthroscopic surgery.
Indications
At present, there are many spheres wherecan use injections of enriched plasma. The most popular technology is among sports doctors and in dentistry. But more often you can hear about its application in cosmetology.
For example, it can be used as aprevention of aging or for recovery after plastic surgery, aggressive cosmetic procedures or prolonged exposure to the sun. Platelet injections are performed to treat skin that suffers from the patient's bad habits, nightlife, taking a number of medications or general deterioration.
Also, the technology is used to treat seborrhea, acne, and scarring of the skin. Good results are achieved with injections to improve hair growth.
Execution of the procedure
Many are afraid of injecting enrichedplatelets of plasma, since it is believed that donor's blood is used for its preparation. But in most clinics specializing in such procedures, you will be told that this is not so.
The specialist takes the patient's venous blood. It is necessary to collect at least 20 ml immediately in a special tube, which is placed in a centrifuge. In this case, blood does not contact the external environment, which excludes the possibility of infection. In the process of processing it in a centrifuge, 3 ml of platelet-enriched plasma is obtained.
It is introduced directly to the problem site. Many recommend injecting under ultrasound to get directly into damaged tissue. It is also important to understand that it is impossible to obtain enriched plasma from coagulated blood. After all, when forming a clot, all the platelets will remain in it, and in the serum there will be an insignificant number of them. Therefore, to preserve blood in the liquid state, use a special anticoagulant.
Enriched plasma
The use of this method became a breakthrough. But to use it, you need to understand what a rich platelet-rich plasma is. Normally, the concentration of these plates in the blood is from 150 to 350 x 109/ l. On average, each person has about 200. But experts have found that to achieve a therapeutic effect, it is necessary that their concentration reaches 1000 x 109/ l.
When the content of these plates reachesof this level, then human plasma is considered to be enriched. At a lower concentration, no therapeutic effect was observed. But it has also not been proven that exceeding the dosage set at 1000 x 109/ l, does not lead to acceleration of the recovery processes.
Growth Factors
Injection of blood, which is enriched with platelets, has a marked therapeutic effect. They contribute to an increase in the concentration of growth factors. Specialists identify 4 indicators.
So, there are factors of vascular endothelial growth,epithelium, and also transforming and platelet. They are always in certain relationships among themselves. But we must understand that enriched plasma contains the adhesive molecules necessary to attach the plates to the subendothelial cells. But in it there is the same amount, as in the usual clot. Therefore, such plasma and blood serum do not become fibrin glue.
It is also important to understand that it does not have an osteoinductive effect. Enriched plasma can not form bone without the presence of appropriate cells. It can simply accelerate their growth.
Operating principle
Platelets enriched with platelets exert astimulating effect. It promotes the acceleration of vascular growth, the so-called angiogenesis. It also stimulates the mitosis of cells involved in regeneration processes. But such a plasma can not improve non-cellular bone materials.
To achieve an effect, activation should bewas performed immediately before injection. After all, the secretion of 70% of growth factors takes place during the first 10 minutes. All of them are released for an hour. But even after that, the platelets continue to synthesize them for another 8 days, and only after this period they die.
Growth factors contribute to the normalization of hemodynamics, tissue respiration and metabolism in them.
Contraindications
Unfortunately, there are situations in whichrecommend injecting. So, the method is contraindicated in patients with malignant neoplasms, serious problems of the psyche, systemic blood diseases. Also, before the procedure, it is important to clarify whether the patient is allergic to sodium citrate. This anticoagulant is used to prevent blood clots.
Also worth exploring in detail with technologyprocedure in the chosen clinic. For example, the activation of platelet aggregation requires the use of special systems. In some of these, bovine thrombin is used as a folding factor. It is impossible to exclude situations in which antibodies of blood plasma can be produced on it. It happens, of course, very rarely, but it can lead to serious complications. At present, other systems have been developed using other folding agents. For example, the use of a so-called fibrin matrix or collagen type II will be safer.
Use in dentistry
There are several options for howPlatelet-enriched plasma is used. So, with its help you can stop the progression of periodontitis, strengthen periodontal tissues, prevent the loss of teeth and their loosening. Also, plasma helps to remove bleeding gums and eliminate bad breath. In addition, it is used in implantology and for rehabilitation after maxillofacial operations.
Indications for the application of this technology are as follows:
- localized and generalized periodontitis;
- periodontitis;
- gingivitis;
- Peri-implantitis;
- operations for the removal of teeth, implantation.
The therapeutic effect is already visiblea week after the use of this technology. The composition of plasma enriched with platelets, allows to stop inflammation and reduce pain syndrome, increase the chances of implant engraftment, improve tissue healing after surgical interventions, and reduce bleeding gums.
Sports medicine
Enough plasma is often enrichedplatelets, is used to treat and accelerate the recovery period after trauma. On this method of therapy, many sports physicians stop their choice.
So, if necessary, plasma can be introducedin the injured muscle, in the tendon sheath (after restoring its rupture) or directly into the joint. Each of these injections contributes to the fact that tissue regeneration processes are started, stimulation of the synthesis of the necessary components to restore their structure begins. This method has become an optimal alternative to the introduction of hormonal drugs.
