Overlay of dressings: technique of application. Soft bandage of bandages

Everyone should know howapplication of dressings. The technique of applying some dressings is simple and does not require special skills. Others can be properly applied only by a specialist. Nevertheless, the general rules of this procedure are available to each of us. Let's pay attention to them.

General rules for the imposition of bandages

Roll with a bandage to be held in the right hand. The end of the bandage is held in the left hand. In this case, you need to ensure that the roll can easily roll out on the surface.

Applying a bandage, you need to use two hands. One hand rolls roll, not tearing off the surface of the body, and the other corrects the bandage itself.

In the process of applying bandages, the types of which depend on the specific situation, you need to face the victim. This will allow you to monitor his condition.

Bandage from top to bottom, from the place where the diameter of the surface of the body is smaller.

The first winding is fixed, makinga slight bend of the bandage in the place where it began. On top of this place another winding is made-fixing. Each subsequent winding of the bandage is done at half the previous one.

When the bandage is finished, the end of the bandage is neededslightly incised longitudinally, forming two parts. Then, at the place of the incision, the bandage is neatly torn, creating two parts of an insignificant length. Of them, a knot is tied.

The bandages are applied to the netgang, which allows not to disturb the blood circulation. It is also difficult to impose them, as they can easily slip off the wound.

General classification of medical dressings

Many people think that through a bandage, you canstop bleeding or prevent entry into the wound infection. In fact, the main purpose of the dressing is to fix the material for dressing. Having determined what type of wound, on which part of the body it is located, apply certain rules and methods of applying bandages. For these purposes, a classification of the device in question has been developed. So, bandages distinguish:

by function (functions that perform dressings);
by type (mechanical properties);
by type of material used;
by the method of fixing the dressing.

Initially, it is worth familiarizing with the proposedclassification, and then thoroughly study the rules for the imposition of bandages. Types of dressings are different. If even a schoolboy can cope with the imposition of some, then for the application of others, the professional skills of a qualified specialist will be required. Do not forget that the methods of applying bandages depend on the specific trauma on this or that part of the human body.

Classification by purpose

Depending on what function the medical dressing performs, the following types are distinguished:

protective (aseptic) - to prevent re-infection of the wound;
medicinal - to ensure continuous access of the medicine to the wound;
hemostatic (pressing) - stops bleeding;
immobilizing - to immobilize a part of the body (limb);
with extension - provides traction of bone fragments;
Correcting - eliminates deformations;
occlusive - seals the wound.

To quickly help a person in an emergency situation, you need to know how the bandages are applied. The technique of imposing this device will be considered below.

Classification by type (mechanical properties)

Modern medical dressings are:

soft - are used widely enough to treat a wide variety of wounds;
rigid - are used in the case when for the treatment of damage or disease it is necessary to create an effect of immobility;
Elastic - an indispensable device in the fight against the expansion of the subcutaneous veins, as well as with venous stasis;
radioactive - this is a special gauze, on which there is an active coating of natural radioactive isotopes.

The most common are soft and hard bandages.

Classification by type of material used

Depending on the material from which the medical dressings are made, they are divided into:

gauze (there are bandage and bezbintovye);
fabric (use clothes, scarf);
cotton-gauze (cotton bandage is made from a piece of gauze and a small amount of cotton wool);
gypsum;
devices from medical or transport tires.

In medicine, dressings are often usedspecial purpose. A vivid example is the zinc-gelatin bandage Unna, which is used to treat pure ulcers. It differs in its properties (compression and bactericidal), it can reduce venous congestion, improve the flow of venous blood, has an osmotic and hygroscopic effect on the ulcer.

Classification by the method of fixing the dressing material

Considering the way in which medical dressings can be attached to a problem place, the following types of these devices are distinguished:

1. Bezbinthovye:

Glue - use for small damages,superimposed on the area of the received wound, fixed on the dressing by means of special adhesive substances (collodion, glue, plastic materials, glue BF-6);
adhesive tapes - used when it is necessary to bandage small wounds or sharp purulent formations;
Scarf - used when necessaryfirst aid, it is possible to use in critical situations, often this bandage is done to create a temporary immobilization, superimposed over the protective bandage;
Sin-like - represent a strip of tissue,split longitudinally along the ends, in the center of which there is not dissected material (a wide bandage can be used), put on the protruding parts of the body (head, chin, nape, nose), on which the usual fixing bandage will not hold and from which bandage bandages slip;
T-shaped - are used in the process of dressing wounds or areas in the perineum, on which there is an inflammatory process;
tubular elastic bandage - used when it is necessary to fix on the wound in any part of the body dressing material.

2. Bint - soft bandages made of bandages. They are used in orthopedics, when bones and soft tissues are damaged, with burns, frostbites, in traumatology.

Soft bandage dressings

The main requirements for soft bandages:

closure of the diseased part of the body;
convenience;
it should not disturb blood circulation;
accuracy;
it should not disrupt lymph circulation.

Currently, doctors distinguish the following types of soft bandages:

circular (circular) - from them both begin, soand finish the bandage, are convenient for minor wounds located on the phalanges of the fingers, in the frontal region, in the lower third of the shin, on the wrists, in the middle of the shoulder;
spiral - this type of bandage is made on the arm, abdomen, thorax;
creeping (serpentine) - used when there is a need for reliable fastening of cotton-gauze pads, as well as for gypsum;
cruciform (eight-shaped) - apply for application in the chest, back, occiput;
turtles (converging, divergent) are bandages on the joints (knee, elbow), which are a variant of cruciform (eight-shaped) dressings;
spicate - impose on the joint of the shoulder when revealing its pathology;
return - use when bandaging the head, on the terminal phalanges of the fingers.
Dezo bandages - find application when they haveplace light fractures of the clavicle and humerus, used to correct the dislocated shoulder, without these bandages can not do when it is necessary to fix the hand and the bones after the operation;
Supporting (for the mammary gland) - impose if the area of the breast was exposed to burns, injuries, inflammatory processes, surgical intervention.

Soft bandage bandages for individual parts of the body

On the head impose bandages of the following types:

returning (the cap of Hippocrates, it is imposed by means of two bandages or a double-headed bandage);
sagging (if there are minor injuries to the chin, frontal part, nose, parietal part, temporal and occipital areas);
bridle (supports the lower jaw);
"Cap" (the most comfortable headband for the head).

The neck bandage can be of the following types:

Glutinous (helps to firmly fix the dressing);
cruciform (for localization of lesions formed in the upper part of the body);
circular (for bandaging the lower part of the jaw - this bandage passes into the region of the back in the cross type).

A neck bandage should ensure the integrity of the bandaged part of the body. She must firmly hold the dressing. Such a dressing should not slide around the neck, squeeze it.

On the chest apply bandages of the following types:

spiral (used when the chest is injured, the rib is broken, with inflammatory processes);
cross-shaped (for putting on the chest from behind and from the front);
supporting (on one or both mammary glands);
spicate (superimposed on the pelvis, when the lower abdominal parts are damaged or in the sacrum bedsores were formed, if the groin or perineum was damaged);
T-shaped (used for bandaging in the perineum).

For the upper limbs, the following types of dressings are provided:

returning (used when the distal or middle phalanx of the finger is damaged);
spicate (for bandaging the thumb of the hand, the shoulder joint area);
"Glove" (bandage on the hand, when applied, the principle of bandaging one finger is used);
"mitten";
Spiral (used in the forearm area);
turtle (for bandage of elbow joints);
The Dezo bandage (used when there is a fracture of the collarbone).

For the lower extremities, the following types of dressings are provided:

returning (for bandaging the toe);
Spiral (for applying on the first toe of the foot);
spicate (allows you to bandage the foot, while the fingers remain open);
turtle (used in the area of the heel and knee joint);
spiral (used in the region of the shin, can be with an inflection on the thigh).

When there is a need to provide firstmedical care, use bandage dressings. They are easy to apply and do not require special skills. Handkerchiefs are handkerchiefs, cloth rags, sheets.

Self-locking bandage

When there is a need to impose abandage or other device used for dislocations and in the process of treating edema or stretching, a self-locking bandage comes to the rescue. It can also be used to fix not only the dressing material, but also any medical devices. This bandage is an excellent solution when it is necessary to provide reliable compression for several hours without bias.

Self-locking bandage is used in phlebology, orthopedics, traumatology.

Of course, a self-locking bandage is easyexpendable medical material. Nevertheless, it is very useful for people who are engaged in sports. Thanks to the fixation of individual patches on the body with such a bandage, it becomes possible to protect the athlete from stretching and dislocations.

Salt dressings

Despite the fact that these bandages receive enthusiastic and positive responses, it is by no means possible for all diagnoses to use them.

Today, such bandages can be effectivelycure somatic diseases, low-level burns, chronic appendicitis, hemorrhages with hematomas, and festering wounds. When a decision is made to apply bandages, you need to know that:

a solution of salt, the concentration of which is more than 10%, is unacceptable for the application of dressings;
for the dressing, breathable materials must be used;
such bandages are contraindicated for people with cardiovascular disease;
Salting bandages can not be imposed on people who have kidney problems.

It is not necessary to prescribe for yourself the use of such bandages. This procedure should appoint only a doctor.

How correctly to impose various bandages?

Now let's pay attention to such a process asapplication of dressings. The technique of applying these adaptations of various types and species is in many respects similar. But there are also options that radically differ from all the others.

Let's pay attention to the main options for applying bandage dressings.

Rules for imposing a circular bandage:

the first round is wound at an angle of 30 ° to that part of the body on which the bandage is applied;
you need to make sure that the end of the material used for bandaging goes out about 5-10 cm beyond the area of the body on which the bandage is applied;
when the first round is wound, the remaining end of the dressing is folded, then it is fixed by subsequent rounds of the material used for bandaging;
To avoid a bandage shift, each new tour is imposed more tightly than the previous ones;
Each new bandage tour must close the previous one.

Rules for imposing a spiral bandage:

overlapping begins with a circular bandage (slightly away from the injury site);
if a spiral bandage is applied without kinks (on the shoulder, thigh, chest), an elastic bandage is used;
if a spiral bandage with bends (a forearm, a shin) is imposed, then they are made exclusively along one line, trying to make the dressing put on the side of the damaged place;
If applying a spiral bandage, whichthere are no excesses, it is not possible to achieve full correspondence of the plane of the bandage with the surface of the body, it is necessary to make several inflections with a further transition to a spiral bandage without kinks.

Rules for imposing a creeping bandage:

overlapping begins with a circular dressing, then each subsequent round is abruptly moved in the proximal direction;
You need to leave free gaps equal to the width of the bandage, between each new tour.

Rules for imposing a cruciform bandage:

begin bandaging with a circular bandage;
each new tour is crossed and alternated with a circular bandage, while the bandage is located and with a new tour moves in the proximal direction from the first circular dressing.

The technique of imposing a spicate bandage:

begin to overlap with a circular bandage in the area of the shoulder (this will allow to fix the first tours of the bandage);
then bandage, moving from the diseased limb inthe area of the shoulder joint, from it to the forehead, then along the surface of the chest into the axillary region from the opposite side and return to the sore shoulder and shoulder girdle;
Each subsequent round, passing along the chest and shoulder, is carried out with a shift upwards on ½ of the tire.

Rules for imposing a return bandage:

begin with the imposition of a circular bandage on the limb;
on the front surface of the stump make an inflection;
through the end part of the stump, a vertical bandage tour to the rear surface of the bandage;
Each tour that returns is recorded by a circular tour;
each new vertical tour is displaced towards the outer and then the inner edge of the injured limb;
All tours are additionally recorded at the expense of a spiral bandage.

Gypsum dressings: types and technique of application

If someone previously carried outapplication of dressings, the technique of applying these adaptations will not become a novelty. But, most likely, had to deal with soft bandage bandages. The fact is that it is with them that even a student can cope. But there is also a more serious kind of bandages, the imposition of which must be trusted only by specialists.

Before you learn the basic rules for imposing casts, it is advisable to familiarize yourself with the existing types of these devices.

rules for the imposition of plaster dressings

To gypsum bandages carry:

circular primary-dissected (after it hardens, it is immediately cut longitudinally);
final (in the circular bandage make a hole over the area that is prone to treatment);
bridged (apply instead of the final in the case when the damaged area needs more extensive access);
hinged-plaster (made of two circular couplings, in the joint region fastened with hinges of movable type);
stage (use when it is necessary to cure persistent arthrogenic contractures).

The basic rules of imposing cast plaster:

always check the availability of all the tools and materials that you may need;
check the quality of bandages for applying a cast;
qualitative fixation of limb injury is possible only if at least two joints adjacent to the lesion are immobilized;
in the process of fixing the limb, it is given a favorable position (in terms of functionality);
the applied bandage should be comfortable and not interfere with the visit of the toilet;
to control the blood supply, the terminal phalanges of the fingers and toes are left open;
When the bandage is applied, all the traces of plaster are removed from the body to provide control over the skin condition;
between the dressing and the skin (in their extreme parts) is placed a soft pad that protects soft tissues from trauma;
bandage in the region of the edges should not be acute;
Lingeta from gypsum should be smooth, without irregularities (folds are removed before application);
winding gypsum bandage is made without tension, avoiding the formation of kinks and folds, tours are overlapped (according to the principle of a spiral type bandage);
When applying the dressing, the limb is held not with fingers, but with the entire brush, which avoids traces of indentation;
The shape of the cast is changed before the gypsum hardens.

All cast plaster casts are mandatoryorder are marked. Indicate the scheme of bone damage, the day when the injury was received, the day on which the cast was applied, and the day when the bandage is supposed to be removed.