Extensive heart attack: consequences, chances of survival, rehabilitation in men and women

Diseases of the cardiovascular system arethe first place among the causes of mortality. Among them, one of the most serious pathologies is myocardial infarction, which often leads to premature death. It is very important to provide first aid, it often depends on it if there is an extensive heart attack, consequences, chances to survive, rehabilitation.

What is myocardial infarction

In this state, a violation occursblood supply to the heart muscle, which leads to the development of irreversible effects. Acute oxygen starvation can not pass without significant changes in the structure and work of the body.

Extensive heart attack consequences of chances of surviving rehabilitation

During a hemorrhage in the heart appearnecrotic sites, which subsequently can not perform their functions fully. Has a fairly serious extensive heart attack consequences, the chances of survival depend entirely on the timely provided first aid to the victim. After a heart attack in the heart muscle, the affected cells are replaced with a connective tissue, which severely limits the heart's ability to contract.

If you believe the statistics, our country is the second most common heart disease. You can also take into account the following facts:

Almost 40% of premature deaths occur because of myocardial infarction.
If the heart attack is extensive, only 17% of patients survive.
In 11% of patients, there are recurrences of pathology.

It should also be noted that men aged 45and up to 50 years are much more likely to suffer from this pathology. At this age, estrogen acts as a protector in the female body, but by the age of 70, its production has completely ceased and the risk of developing a heart attack in the female half of mankind also increases.

No cardiological center can increase the chances of surviving if the diagnosis of an "extensive heart attack" is made, if the first couple of hours do not provide qualified assistance to the victim.

Causes of myocardial infarction

The main reason for the development of a heart attack is damage to the walls of arteries by atherosclerotic plaques that disrupt blood circulation. This can happen in the following pathologies:

Atherosclerosis of the coronary vessels. If the plaque reaches a large size, then it can completely cover the lumen of the vessel.
Increased blood pressure, whichleads to an increase in the tone of the vessels and the thickening of their walls. And if you still assume the presence of plaques in the vessels, then another jump in pressure can provoke an extensive heart attack. The consequences, the chances of survival, rehabilitation will depend on the speed of care.
Fat embolism can also provoke thrombosis of blood vessels.
Surgical obturation of vessels, if angioplasty was performed.

Risk factors

Not only the listed diseases and conditions can cause the development of a heart attack, but there are several unfavorable factors that increase this risk several times:

Diabetes mellitus can become an indirect culprit of a heart attack. With an elevated glucose content in the blood, metabolic processes are disrupted, which can lead to the appearance of sclerotic plaques in the vessels.
At a young age, a heart attack can develop due to a hereditary predisposition.
Kidney diseases.
Dietary disorders.
Excess body weight.
Low physical activity.
Smoking, not only active, but alsopassive. During smoking, vasospasm occurs, which leads to platelet settling on the plaques, with time this can lead to a complete overlap of the vessel lumen.
Regular consumption of alcoholic beverages leads to toxic damage to the heart muscle and blood vessels, high blood pressure, which means that it is already within reach of a heart attack.
Frequent stress and chronic fatigue.
Excessive physical activity can not pass without a trace to the heart.
Rheumatism that captures the walls of the heart.
Infectious diseases, especially those that are provoked by staphylococci and streptococci.
High cholesterol.
High concentration of triglycerides in the blood.
Gender: it is established that men have a heart attack more often.
Bad environmental situation.

If we consider that most often you can watchthe combination of several risk factors, it is not surprising that such a large number of citizens develop an extensive heart attack. The consequences, the chances of survival, rehabilitation will be discussed a little later.

Periods of heart attack

Symptoms of this pathology will depend on the stage of development, and there are several of them:

Preinfarction state.
The sharpest period.
Acute.
Subacute.
Postinfarction

It is very important to distinguish between these periods in order to provide the necessary assistance to a person in a timely manner.

Signs of preinfarction state

Extensive infarction may not be so terrible, if you recognize its approximation at the stage of preinfarction state. This period has the following symptoms:

There are pains behind the sternum, which can have different intensities and are stopped by taking Nitroglycerin.
Dyspnea.
Increased sweating.
Violation of the heart rate.
Nausea.
With any physical exertion, the pain only intensifies.
If during this period to make an electrocardiogram, it will show violations in the blood supply to the heart muscle.

If you pay attention to such symptoms in time, you can prevent a massive heart attack (consequences). Chances of survival (rehabilitation will not need long) will be high.

Symptoms of the most acute period

If the preinfarction state can last for a long time, sometimes up to a month, then the most acute period develops quite quickly. It is characterized by the following symptoms:

Burning pain in the chest, extending to the left side of the body.
Reduced blood pressure.
Arrhythmia.
Breathing becomes intermittent.
The skin turns pale, a cold sweat appears.
A person can lose consciousness.
If the back of the heart is affected, then you can feel nausea, stomach pain.
There is a fear of death.

The most acute stage can manifest atypical symptoms:

Bouts of choking.
There is a cough.
Edema syndrome.
There are signs of cerebral ischemia.

In some cases, the symptoms can be severe.erased. This condition can last up to two hours. If this stage could not be avoided, it would cause quite serious extensive heart attack consequences. The chances of survival (rehabilitation is required for all such patients) will depend entirely on qualified medical care.

Acute period of pathology

For several days after the attack, there is an acute period. After a massive heart attack, the following symptoms occur:

The pain gradually reduces its intensity.
In the heart, a site of necrosis is formed.
Blood pressure and body temperature increase.
Got a heart rhythm.
Dyspnea appears.

A week after the attack begins subacutea period that is characterized by the absence of pain, normalization of heart rhythm and blood pressure. The site of necrosis on the heart muscle is gradually replaced by scar tissue.

When the post-infarction period comes, he canlast up to six months, the heart gradually adapts to the new working conditions, compensatory mechanisms develop. The patient may often experience attacks of angina pectoris, shortness of breath is observed and the heart rhythm is interrupted periodically.

First aid for heart attack

Extensive heart attack can havevarying degrees of difficulty, it all depends on the first aid provided. Regardless of the type of pathology, the victim must be given first aid before the medical team arrives as soon as possible:

The patient must be put or put and bend the legs at the knees.
Provide fresh air, unbutton the collar, remove the tie or open the window.
Under the tongue to give a pill "Nitroglycerin."
In the absence of an allergy to "Aspirin", you can chew the drug in an amount up to 300 mg.
If the patient has lost consciousness, it is necessary to turn it over on its side and throw back the head.
Urgently need to conduct an indirect heart massage, if there was a stop.
Try to calm the patient, panic in this situation is not an assistant.

After providing assistance, you must deliver the victim to the hospital or wait for the ambulance team to arrive.

Emergency Brigade Actions

Immediately after arrival, the ambulance doctors begin to relieve an attack, for this:

Drugs are used.
If the patient's breathing is impaired, then use an oxygen mask.
To relieve arousal in a patient, they give him sedatives.
To confirm the diagnosis, a cardiogram is made right in the ambulance car.
The patient is taken to the hospital, depending on his condition, it can be a intensive care unit or an intensive care unit.

Treatment of extensive heart attack

Infarction therapy should be carried out only in the cardiology department. The main task of doctors:

Remove the pain.
Reduce the area of necrotic lesions.
To restore normal blood flow in the heart muscle.
Reduce the risk of blood clots.
Restore broken heart rhythm.
Maintain blood pressure at a normal level.

The following drugs are prescribed for the implementation of these tasks:

To relieve pain in the acute period can be with the help of narcotic painkillers, these include Morphine, Promedol. These drugs are administered intravenously for the rapid relief of pain.
To relieve nervous excitability, tranquilizers (Diazepam, Relanium) are indicated.
Thrombolytic therapy, which involves taking "Alteplazy", "fiboinolysin." These funds dissolve blood clots, the size of myocardial necrosis decreases.
Acceptance of anticoagulants, the main among which is "Aspirin".
ACE inhibitors are prescribed, which slow down cardiac activity, normalize blood pressure, expanding blood vessels. “Captopril”, “Ranipril” can be attributed to this group.
Cardioprotectors are indicated for the treatment of arrhythmias (for example, Atenolol, Propranolol).

If drug treatment does not bring relief to the patient, then you will have to resort to surgical intervention.

Recovery after a heart attack

Many are interested in the question: how many live after a massive heart attack? The answer will depend not only on the treatment, but also on proper rehabilitation. In this period after suffering a heart attack, it is very important to recover not only physically, but also mentally. The patient is prescribed physical therapy, but it is necessary to do it, constantly monitoring the pulse. Not only special exercises help restore the cardiovascular system, but have a positive effect:

Walking.
Massage.
Healing baths.

If a massive heart attack is postponed, rehabilitation also includes a review of the diet. It is imperative to include products that normalize the work of the heart:

Fresh vegetables and fruits.
Bread.
Juices.
Kashi.

To exclude from the menu products that provoke the formation of sclerotic plaques in the vessels:

Fatty dishes.
Smoked meat.
Sausages.
Butter and sour cream.
Bold cottage cheese.

If the patient has suffered an extensive heart attack, how long they live after such a pathology, will depend on compliance with all recommendations of the attending physician. The patient will have to reconsider their lifestyle:

Bad habits such as smoking and drinking alcohol should become a thing of the past.
Limit physical activity.
Avoid stressful situations.
Take a walk in the fresh air in any weather.
Take medications prescribed by your doctor to prevent plaque formation in vessels. Most likely, throughout life will have to use drugs in order not to provoke a relapse.

It is very good if there is an opportunity to undergo a rehabilitation course in a specialized sanatorium.

Consequences of a heart attack

If an extensive heart attack has occurred, then, as a rule, the consequences for patients are serious:

Arrhythmia.
The formation of blood clots in the cardiovascular system.
Observed irregularities in the work of many internal organs.
Denied limbs.
You can observe a speech disorder.
One of the serious consequences is heart aneurysm and thromboembolism.
Pulmonary edema.
Heart failure.
Cardiogenic shock.
Disturbance of respiratory function.
Heart failure.

Somehow you can prevent the development of serious complications by complying with all the recommendations of the doctor, as well as by changing your lifestyle and attitude to your health.

Prevention of heart attack

To prevent the development of heart attack, you can, if you carefully consider your health and prevent the formation of sclerotic plaques in the vessels. To do this, follow the following recommendations:

Include in your diet more fresh vegetables and fruits that contain fiber.
Reduce the consumption of fatty, smoked and fried foods.
Lead a healthy lifestyle.
For the prevention of stress master the ways of relaxation.
Control blood sugar and cholesterol.
Treat chronic pathologies.
Consult a doctor if you have angina attacks.

Myocardial infarction is a serious cardiologicala disease that can lead to death, but each patient, while adhering to medical recommendations, is able to prevent this terrible pathology.