Spirals of the Navy: types, action, manufacturer reviews
The problem of unwanted pregnancy wasrelevant at all times. The child should appear with the consent of both parents. And to prevent a large number of abortions, many methods of contraception have been created. This and special tablets, and vaginal candles, and even a patch. Today, the spiral of the IUD is also very common. What are they? Let's try to understand.
What it is?
A small device made ofmetal or plastic, called spiral. It is introduced into the uterus to prevent unwanted pregnancy. For the manufacture of the device most often used silver or copper. This method of contraception today is very popular. The efficiency reaches 98%. Women who have not yet given birth, it is undesirable to install an IUD (spiral). The reviews point out that in this case the risk of side effects increases substantially.
Since the beginning of the 20th century, a hugenumber of intrauterine spirals. The most qualitative were the devices of the T-shape, which easily entered the uterine cavity and impeded the development of pregnancy. A device was installed exclusively by a specialist in a medical institution. Before use, the patient is warned about the development of possible complications. This may be a violation of the menstrual cycle, erosion, infectious and inflammatory diseases, bleeding, rejection of the spiral. In rare cases, an ectopic pregnancy develops.
It should be prepared for the fact that in the early daysafter the installation of the IUD spiral, there may be discomfort in the lower abdomen, as well as pain during intercourse. If the symptoms do not go away within a week, you should consult a gynecologist for advice.
Mechanism of action of the intrauterine device
Blocks several complex naturalprocesses of the IUD. The intrauterine device, which includes copper, creates a destructive environment for spermatozoa and eggs. Metal is excreted into the uterine cavity as long as the spiral is inside the body. Also popular are the devices with progesterone. The hormone, getting into the blood, blocks ovulation, promotes the thickening of the cervical mucus. The egg does not ripen at all, pregnancy does not occur.
The foreign body in the uterus cavity itself gives a contraceptive effect. The walls of the uterus contract more intensively. Thanks to this sperm and egg can not move normally.
Efficiency of intrauterine spirals is sufficientis high due to the summation of various mechanisms of action. If the device is installed correctly, 98% of cases can be protected from unwanted pregnancy. What kind of spiral to use, it is better to consult a gynecologist. The doctor will perform all necessary tests and install the device. An important advantage is the long-term effect of contraception. Spiral IUD can be in the uterine cavity for two to five years, depending on the quality and material of manufacture.
Inert intrauterine devices
The first similarity of the modern Navy appeared in 1960thanks to the learned Margulis. Then a spiral device was created, which significantly reduced the risk of complications. All types of IUDs - spirals that are used today have a linear construction. Thanks to this, the device is easily inserted through a special plastic tube.
In 1962, Lips's loop was first produced. This device had threads that hung from the uterus cavity into the vagina. Thanks to this foreign body could easily be removed after a lapse of time. The Lips' loop is currently used quite rarely due to low efficiency. Only 70% of cases can be protected from unwanted pregnancies. But in the second half of the 20th century, adaptation has found wide application in family planning programs around the world. Many people helped to protect themselves from an unwanted pregnancy similar to the Navy (spiral). Side effects only developed in rare cases. The device was soft and flexible. Due to this, it was easily removed from the uterine cavity for medical reasons.
In the likeness of Lips's loop, devices were created that are widely used today. Popular types of IUDs (spirals) will be described below.
Spirals containing copper
These devices resemble a loop in shapeLips. The main difference is the copper content. Metal all the time is allocated to the uterine cavity, preventing the development of the egg and the normal movement of spermatozoa. Modern spirals of the Navy are made flexible and durable. They are easily installed and uninhibited. Gynecologists identify models of such manufacturers as Paragard, Copper-T, Multiload, and Nova-T. There are also other spirals with copper content, which are made in the shape of an umbrella or ring. But such adaptations do not differ with great efficiency. In addition, their use significantly increases the risk of side effects.
The product is also popularproducer of Nova-T. IUD - spiral (installation of the device is very simple due to the special form) - visually similar to the big letter "t". Horizontal branches are made of high-quality plastic. It is possible to stay in the uterine cavity for a long period. Specialists also recommend changing it every 4-5 years. For the spiral "Nova-T" will have to pay about 2000 rubles.
You can also use an economical modeldomestic production of "Juno Bio". Also executed in the form of the letter "t" this Navy (spiral). The feedback from specialists shows that the device is highly effective for two years of use. In the future it is desirable to replace it.
Hormonal-containing spirals
These adaptations combine advantagesseveral types of contraceptives. They not only mechanically block the main processes of fertilization, but also secrete a special hormone, which is responsible for the development of the egg. Spirals of the Navy are also made in the form of the letter "t". The leg of the device is filled with progesterone and levonorgestrel. Side effects practically do not develop. Hormones enter the body evenly over several years. Most of these spirals can be used for 5-6 years.
Experts do not recommend nulliparous womenuse the IUD (spiral). The installation of such a contraceptive is fraught with infertility. However, medicine does not stand still. A special kind of IUD (spirals "Multiload") with the content of hormones was invented. It is a spiral that can effectively protect against unwanted pregnancy for two years. The device is easily installed and removed in a medical facility.
Intrauterine spirals with silver
Silver has a disinfectant andantibacterial action. It is no accident that this metal is widely used in the medical field. The Navy (spiral) with silver is the choice of many women. Such a contraceptive not only protects against unwanted pregnancy, but also treats the uterine cavity, reduces the risk of erosion. For spermatozoa, silver is toxic. They die on their way to the egg. This increases the effect of using the IUD. Most spirals with silver content can be used for about five years.
Women who have not yet given birth, the Navy withsilver content is not set. It is necessary to prepare for the fact that menstruation after the installation of the contraceptive will become more painful and prolonged. If the helix causes discomfort over a long period of time, it is better to remove it. For some women, such a contraceptive is not suitable due to the special structure of the uterus.
Navy with silver can be installed on any day of the menstrual cycle when there is no bleeding. After childbirth or abortion, the contraceptive is installed after six weeks.
Spiral with gold content
Any metal corrodes over time. The only exception is gold. This precious metal is fully compatible with the human body and almost never causes allergies. Intrauterine devices with gold content are suitable for women with increased sensitivity. As well as fixture with silver, the Navy (spiral) with gold has an anti-inflammatory effect. Significantly reduced risk of erosion. The only disadvantage is the cost of the contraceptive. For one device will have to pay more than 15 000 rubles. Validity does not exceed five years. Not every woman will agree to such expenses.
The intrauterine device with gold content hasminimum risk. The effectiveness of protection against unwanted pregnancy reaches 99%. Such devices, unfortunately, are not installed for women who have not yet given birth. But in the postpartum period, this spiral will fit perfectly. The contraceptive allows the woman to recover faster after pregnancy and promotes the healing of small cracks in the uterus.
Installing the intrauterine device
At any pharmacy you can buy IUDs (spiral). Photo models of a particular manufacturer can always be studied in the catalog. But you can never inject a contraceptive yourself. This is done by a qualified specialist in a medical facility. Before installing the gynecologist is obliged to conduct a series of studies and analyzes. This is the only way to determine which type of helix will suit a particular woman. In addition, the specialist must ensure that there are no contraindications.
In most cases, specialists enter the IUD onthe fourth day after the onset of menstrual bleeding. At this time, the cervix is slightly ajar, and there is practically no abundant discharge. In addition, this period is the least suitable for conception. Until the full development of the egg remains more than 7 days. You can begin to live sexually a few days after the installation of the device.
Trust the installation of the Navy should onlyproven specialist. The fact that this operation was performed incorrectly may indicate heavy bleeding over several days, as well as severe pain in the lower abdomen. Without urgent consultation with a doctor can not do. Perhaps the inept actions of the specialist who installed the helix provoked damage to the uterine wall.
After installing the fixture, women notethat menstruation becomes longer. This is absolutely normal. Should only worry if the bleeding is accompanied by sharp pain.
In 7-10% of cases there is a loss of a spiral fromuterus. This may be due to the special structure of the woman's body. Most often, this situation is observed in the period of menstrual bleeding. This is fraught with an unplanned pregnancy. Often, women are not even aware that the spiral has shifted.
IUD removal
There are several reasons for removing a spiral.from the uterus. Be sure to carry out the procedure should be after the expiration date of the device. Also, the spiral is removed if there is a desire to have a baby, a tumor or inflammation of the appendages develops. Displacement of the contraceptive in the uterus is also an indication for its removal.
Only a specialist in a medical institution.can remove the navy (spiral). Removal is a completely painless procedure if the woman is healthy. Independently to carry out any manipulations should not be. In this way, it is possible to damage the walls of the uterus or the neck. The procedure is carried out in two stages. Initially, the gynecologist examines a woman, assesses the state of the spiral. If the patient did not promptly contact a specialist, it is possible that the helix is fused with the walls of the uterus. In this case, it will not be possible to remove the foreign body without serious consequences. If any complications arise, removal is performed using hysteroscopy.
When can I remove the helix? The IUD is most easily removed during menstruation. If necessary, perform local anesthesia. Hysteroscopy is performed under general anesthesia. If it is not possible to reach the helix through the cervical canal, an operation is performed with opening the abdominal cavity.
Let's sum up the results
Choosing the IUD as a methodcontraception should weigh the pros and cons. This option is more suitable for women who have already felt the joy of motherhood and do not plan to give birth within five years. It is worth remembering that the spiral protects only from pregnancy. But for sexually transmitted diseases, the IUD is not a hindrance.
The woman who installed the intrauterine devicespiral, should regularly visit the gynecologist (at least twice a year) and monitor the condition of the genitals. A foreign body in the uterus may cause appropriate reactions from the urogenital system. Inflammatory processes may develop that are fraught with unpleasant consequences. The most difficult of them is infertility. For this reason, it is highly undesirable for women who do not give birth to establish a spiral.
After the expiration date has passed, the Navybe sure to remove from the uterus. The foreign body in 6-7 years grows into the endometrium. In this case, the spiral can not be removed in the usual way. Do not avoid surgery. Other complications are also possible.
