Intrauterine spirals, their types, action, application

Intrauterine spirals used in the Russian gynecology from the middlelast century. This contraceptive, which in recent years has become quite popular. This is facilitated by the duration and convenience in use, the choice, the availability of options for the execution of spirals. In addition, they are a convenient form of contraception, they have a high enough efficiency, which reaches 99%.

The use of this method of contraception requiresobservation of the doctor, as each organism is individual, in addition, there can be a rejection of the spiral, which occurs without symptoms. The doctor will be able to check the process to make sure that there is no inflammation in the uterus, and the spiral is in place. After removal of the remedy, pregnancy naturally occurs.

A bit of history

Even in the days of Ancient Egypt were usedintrauterine spirals, the first mention of them occurs four thousand years ago. But it was not until the 20th century that doctors first used the spiral in its almost modern form (in 1926). The spiral was made in the form of a ring made of an alloy that contained bronze, a small amount of copper and brass.

Subsequently, the doctors found thatThe contraceptive effect is achieved due to copper, which contributes to the death of sperm. In 1960, with the advent of plastics in human life, an elastic spiral of mechanical action was made. This spiral was the least traumatic.

Spirals intrauterine. Types and actions

Women who have a regular sexual partner,To prevent unwanted pregnancy, intrauterine devices of the LNG-IUS system can be used. They have a mechanical and hormonal effect. Contraception provides five years of use. The hormonal effect is that the spiral uniformly secretes a progestogen that prevents the onset of pregnancy. In addition, mechanical action prevents the fixation in the uterus of a fertilized egg.

Spirals with a hormonal base secrete hormonesa certain group, such as levonorgestrel (Mirena), also negative for spermatozoa. In addition, they interfere with the development of the endometrium, this prevents the fertilized egg from acting in the usual way: to attach to the wall of the uterus.

There are intrauterine spirals of ParaGard, inthe composition of which is copper. This element is secreted into the uterine cavity and promotes the production of liquid in the uterus and fallopian tubes. This fluid acts on the spermatozoa in a destructive manner, preventing the onset of pregnancy. Such spirals also have a mechanical effect. Contraceptive effect is and cervical mucus, which clogs the cervix and prevents passage into the uterus of spermatozoa.

There are intra-uterine spirals made withthe addition of silver and gold, which can suppress possible inflammatory processes. The silver core of the spiral protects it from corrosion, secrete silver ions, which have a beneficial effect on the woman's body.

Removal of the intrauterine device

If a fertilized egg, despitespiral, entrenched in the uterus, the spiral can be removed by the doctor without any consequences for the child, if the woman wants to keep the pregnancy. Also, it is removed due to individual intolerance, bleeding or inflammatory processes, as well as in the case of an ectopic pregnancy.

The spiral is not put on erosion on the cervix,in the presence of infection of the genitals, chronic inflammation or cancer, as well as in cases where after the birth on the cervix there are scars.