Treatment of essential hypertension

Before the appointment of treatment for patients with arterialhypertension carry out daily monitoring of blood pressure. This is necessary in order to establish the profile of hypertension. When determining the diurnal changes in blood pressure, an adequate drug therapy is selected.

Treatment of essential hypertension includesnon-pharmacological agents and pharmaceuticals. Non-drug therapy of this disease consists, first of all, in the observance of a healthy lifestyle. Of great importance is the normalization of night sleep, the restriction of the use of table salt, a complete refusal from smoking and drinking alcohol, weight loss and regular exercise.

Drug treatment of essential hypertension consists in prescribing pharmaceutical preparations of the following groups:

- diuretics

- beta-blockers

- inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme

- calcium antagonists

Diuretics - one of the most popular drugsto lower blood pressure. Reduction of pressure occurs as a result of a decrease in the volume of the liquid. The undesirable effect of their use is reduced sexual activity, photosensitivity, pancreatitis, increased total cholesterol, muscle weakness, dizziness, decreased appetite, hypokalemia. On the contrary, the development of hyperkalemia is characteristic for potassium-sparing diuretics, which can lead to the development of endocrine disorders, intrahepatic cholestasis, and rheology of the blood.

Beta-adrenoblockers reduce arterialpressure due to a decrease in cardiac output and inhibition of renin synthesis. They are well combined with diuretics and calcium antagonists. When treating beta-blockers, it is necessary to adhere exactly to the prescribed dose of the drug. Overdose is manifested by the development of severe bradycardia, hypotension, cardiac conduction disorder. In patients with concomitant bronchial obstruction, progressive bronchospasm may develop. These drugs should not be prescribed to patients with bronchial asthma, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, peripheral vascular disease. Treatment of hypertensive disease with beta-adrenoblockers begin with small doses, controlling heart rate and blood pressure, in the absence of complications, the dose of the drug is increased.

ACE inhibitors - potent vasodilatorsmeans, with which for a long time it is possible to block the influence of the main pressor factor - angiotensin. These drugs prevent the disintegration of bradykinin, promote an increase in the content of vasodilating prostaglandins in the blood, help with heart failure. The undesirable effects of these drugs are cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia, skin rash, dizziness, decreased appetite and a taste disorder. The main contraindication for the administration of ACE inhibitors is the bilateral narrowing of the renal arteries, since in this case the arterial pressure increases due to the increase in renin of the blood, to which these drugs do not act.

Calcium antagonists decrease heart rate, decrease blood pressure, buthave some negative qualities, including severe headache, redness of the face. Currently, these drugs are mainly used to treat hypertensive crises.

Treatment of hypertension depends ondegree of disease. At 1 degree, non-drug treatment is predominantly used. Hypertensive disease of the 2nd degree requires the appointment of course treatment with medications. With a disease of grade 3, drug treatment should be permanent.

Warn the development of any disease is not soit is difficult how to treat it. Prevention of hypertension is the exclusion of the etiological factors of the disease, the observance of a healthy lifestyle.