Prescensory conditions. First aid for unconsciousness

In the classical literature is often founda mention of how, as a result of squeezing the corset or excessive excitement, the ladies faint. The sensual image of upbringing and the breath-making elements of clothing are a thing of the past. But fainting today also happens to people. What is the reason for this phenomenon? How to recognize pre-occult conditions in a timely manner? What measures should be taken?

What is syncope?

In the language of doctors, this condition is calledsyncope. People usually say "fainting," or "loss of consciousness." This phenomenon is most often observed as a result of a short-term disturbance of the supply of oxygen to the brain.

Fainting is not always a harbingerserious diseases. However, if a person often loses consciousness, it is necessary to consult a doctor. Only the doctor will be able to identify the causes of discomfort and promptly choose the treatment.

Pre-fainting conditions precede any loss of consciousness. It is very important to be able to recognize them. After all, the measures taken in time will avoid fainting.

Causes of loss of consciousness

According to statistical data, fainting occurs in almost a third of the population. In this case, most often it is women who experience a presyncope.

The causes of loss of consciousness can be different. Doctors divide them into 3 groups:

Neurogenic. Provoked by vascular pathologies or disorders in the nervous system.
Somatogenic. Originated as a result of various pathologies of organs.
Psychogenic. Caused by mental disorders.

At the heart of neurogenic syncope lies a sharpchange in pressure. It can be observed as in young people (after the transferred stress), and at the senior persons (at sharp movements). Doctors believe that they can provoke a presyncope of the following reasons:

severe stress;
fright;
an unpleasant sight of an accident or blood;
stuffiness;
sharp pain;
extreme heat;
long standing on legs;
tight knotted tie;
sharp movements;
pathology affecting the peripheral nerves (diabetes mellitus, anemia, large blood loss, alcoholism);
prolonged bed rest;
use of certain medicines (nitrates, vasodilator drugs).

Somatogenic syncope provokes poor functioning of the heart. Failure in the rhythm of this organ leads to a violation of the blood supply to the brain. Most often, pre-fainting conditions cause the following reasons:

cardiac tamponade;
atrial fibrillation;
ventricular tachycardia.

Psychogenic syncope to this day isthe subject of the hottest disputes over their inclusion in the neurological classification. Most medical professionals are confident that such loss of consciousness is nothing more than a simulation.

Such phenomena are characterized by long-termpre-occlusive states. They are accompanied by a feeling of growing weakness, lack of air, anxiety, fear. Often there is an alternation of loss of consciousness with recovery.

Characteristic symptoms

Any syncope develops very quickly. As a rule, the harbingers of an unpleasant state appear seconds in 15-60 before losing consciousness. At this time, the person is experiencing a presyncope. Symptoms of it are observed as follows:

the emergence of a sharp weakness, a feeling of faintness;
sometimes there is an irresistible yawning;
heart rate increases;
dizziness occurs;
In the eyes of darkens, flies flies, circles;
it rings in the ears;
there is a strong ripple in the temples;
suddenly there is a cold sweat;
a flush of heat is felt, accompanied by a threadlike rapid pulse;
either a sharp pallor and an unfilled rare pulse;
nausea appears;
legs begin to buckle.

What happens next?

People who have already experienced a presyncopethe condition, the symptoms indicating a loss of consciousness, determine unerringly. Such signs and growing weakness cause a strong desire to lie down. In the absence of such an opportunity a person begins to settle, after which a faint occurs.

In this condition, the patient observes:

decreased respiratory rate;
weak pulse;
absence of pupils' reaction to light;
small convulsions and involuntary urination (in the event of a prolonged syncope).

Very rarely, loss of consciousness occurs suddenly. Most often, the above precursors indicate the development of an unpleasant situation.

It should be reminded once again that the condition is rather short-lived. What to do in this case? And how in such a short period of time to prevent loss of consciousness?

First aid

So, what do you need to do if next to youman loses consciousness? Most importantly - do not worry and calm down! And then you need to act. After all, only correctly organized events can help.

First aid for unconsciousness includes the following actions:

Lay the victim on a flat surface. To do this, use the table, floor or bench. Place a chair, books, pillows under the patient's legs. They must necessarily be above the trunk and head. This action will prevent fainting. Because it will provide the head with a flow of blood.
The victim needs fresh air. If the patient is indoors, be sure to open the window.
Fainting is often accompanied by vomiting. To prevent the masses from entering the respiratory tract, the patient's head must turn to one side.
Unbutton clothes that make breathing difficult - a collar, a belt.
Check the victim's pulse. In case of poor probing, immediately call a doctor.
To bring the patient to life, use ammonia. Wet a tampon in it and bring it to the nose of the patient at a distance of 1-2 cm.
If there is no alcohol at hand, wipe the victim's face with a damp cloth. You can sprinkle with cool water.
Be sure to call the ambulance. Even if the patient quickly recovered.

Immediately get up after fainting is not recommended. Initially, it is necessary to sit down. A try to get up can be done only after 10-30 minutes after fainting. In this case, if the victim is dizzy, it is necessary to lie down again.

The doctor's consultation

After first aid is given in case of unconsciousness, the patient should consult a doctor. This will clarify the cause of this condition and prevent recurrence.

Typically, the doctor prescribes the following examinations:

electrocardiogram;
echocardiogram;
electroencephalography;
glucose tolerance test;
angiography of cerebral vessels.

If necessary, the patient is sent for consultation to:

endocrinologist;
cardiologist;
the oncologist.

Treatment depends on the cause of the disease. In most cases no special therapy is required. Doctors say that most people need:

rest;
getting rid of tight clothes;
proper nutrition.

Some patients are recommended beta-blockers(drugs that help improve the tone of blood vessels), increase in the diet of table salt. In the case of a feeling of fear of a second attack, the patient is referred for counseling to the therapist.

Loss of consciousness during pregnancy

Fainting and dizziness are the earliest andwell-known signs of a delicate state. Future mothers, in order not to endanger their baby, it is necessary to learn to recognize symptoms that indicate a loss of consciousness.

Pre-mental state during pregnancy has a number of signs:

noise in ears;
blurred vision;
dizziness;
feeling weak in the legs;
cold sweat;
numbness of limbs;
general weakness;
nausea;
pulsation in the temples;
blanching.

Such conditions in the future mother can provoke the following reasons:

low pressure;
low blood sugar;
overheating of the body;
stale air;
pressure on the vessels of the uterus;
anemia;
diabetes;
pathology of the heart and blood vessels;
stress and overwork;
long standing position;
physical exercise;
abrupt change in body position;
viral infection;
strong odors.

Some women may experience frequentsyncope due to ectopic pregnancy or placental bleeding. Therefore, if the future mother is confused by any symptoms, be sure to tell your doctor about them.

What to do?

Rules of first aid to pregnant women, nothingdo not differ from those described above. After the woman regains consciousness, it is recommended that she give sweet tea with lemon, something to eat and be sure to lie down.

Doctors say that most often pregnant women need to raise to normal low blood pressure. Syncope is usually provoked by hypotension. For this you can use infusions and decoctions:

rose hips;
St. John's wort;
juniper;
strawberries;
yarrow.

The attending doctor, if necessary, will recommend oxygen therapy. Various physiotherapy procedures can be prescribed that can normalize the pressure.

Conclusion

It is very important to recognize in time that the impendingweakness - a pre-stupor condition. The ability to foresee it, understanding the cause, knowing the characteristic symptoms will help prevent a loss of consciousness. But the most important thing is to avoid unpleasant injuries as a result of unforeseen falls.