How to treat salmonella: drugs and folk remedies. Symptoms and treatment of salmonellosis in adults and children
One of the most common dangerous intestinaldiseases is salmonellosis. Symptoms and treatment in adult patients are virtually indistinguishable from the signs and therapy of infirmity in children. But nevertheless the course of the disease can have its own peculiarities depending on the age of the patient.
What is salmonella?
How to treat salmonellosis, it is important to know,who have never encountered such a problem. After all, the disease is so "famous" throughout the globe that every year the number of infected people is steadily increasing. To deal with the nuances of treating the disease, it is necessary to know what kind of pathology, how it manifests itself and what its consequences are fraught with.
Salmonellosis is classified as a class of acute infectiousailments provoked by pathogenic microorganisms. In particular, the causative agent of this disease is salmonella. In most cases, with timely diagnosis and timely onset of therapy, the prognosis for recovery is fairly good.
How does the infection occur?
Salmonellosis in children whose symptoms and treatmentcause a lot of questions from parents, proceeds in the form of dysfunction of the digestive tract. The most common manifestations are gastroenteritis and colitis. It is not difficult to get infected with this disease, especially since the source of infection is often people themselves, as well as birds and animals. Signs of salmonellosis in humans (how to treat the disease - this question will be answered only by a doctor, self-medication can be dangerous) are most often manifested in the summer hot season.
In addition, salmonella often settles inhuman body after eating contaminated foods. A harmful microorganism can be found in meat, milk, oil, or dirty untreated water. If there is insufficient heat treatment, the bacteria remain in the product, getting into the digestive tract. To see the presence of salmonella, for example, in a piece of meat, is almost impossible: it does not have the slightest influence on the taste qualities of the contaminated products or its appearance.
Who is at risk?
In order for the pathogenic bacterium to get intothe body by oral-fecal route, simply do not wash hands once after the toilet or on returning home from the street. It is not surprising that the question of how to treat salmonellosis is of most concern to parents.
The incubation period and manifestations of salmonellosis
After 4 days after infection begins to showto itself a salmonellosis. Symptoms and treatment in adults, as a rule, are predetermined by the presence of an incubation period during which certain signs of the disease may appear. The absence of a clearly expressed symptomatology can be called one of the main reasons for the impossibility of timely early therapy.
Meanwhile, after a 4-day latent phaseinfectious diseases, patients at any age begin to be disturbed by painful unpleasant manifestations, similar to signs of food poisoning, among which:
- stitches and abdominal pain;
- meteorisms, a constant sensation of bloating;
- prolonged diarrhea, accompanied by fetid odor;
- the possible presence of blood or mucus in the feces;
- incessant vomiting, nausea;
- dehydration of the body;
- refusal to eat due to lack of appetite;
- high body temperature;
- feeling of aches in muscles and bones;
- weak neurologic symptoms.
The last group of signs of infection includedizziness, migraines and sleep disorders. If any of the above symptoms appear, it is important to isolate the patient as much as possible from other family members as soon as possible.
Features of children's symptoms
A distinctive feature is salmonellosisin children. Symptoms and treatment are largely dependent on dehydration of the body. In childhood, this sign of infection is considered the most dangerous. In children under 1 year of age, dehydration with salmonellosis can develop in a matter of hours. In this case, a group of additional symptoms appears:
- dryness in the oral cavity;
- absence of tears during crying;
- general weakness of the body;
- pallor of the skin;
- cold extremities;
- drowsiness.
Hospitalization and Diagnosis
For adults, the state of dehydration of the bodyalso represents a danger. In severe cases, with a complicated course of the disease, the patient may even fall into a coma, therefore, at the first sign of a significant loss of fluid, urgent hospitalization is necessary, especially for pregnant women and the elderly.
Before treating Salmonella, it is important to do all the necessary laboratory tests. The doctor will give the patient directions for the analysis of feces, a biochemical and clinical blood test.
Abundant drink with salmonellosis
Before starting a serious drugtherapy aimed at the maximum elimination of pathogenic bacteria in the patient's body, it is necessary to adjust nutrition and drinking regimen. The paramount task of physicians in stationary institutions, where salmonella is treated, is restoration of the patient's electrolyte electrolyte balance. Eliminate dehydration by using a constant abundant drink. As a rule, doctors recommend:
- non-strong tea (black or green) without sugar;
- mineral water in small sips;
- saline solution.
Diet with intestinal infection
Compliance with diet is an equally important fundamental step in the treatment of salmonellosis. The task of a limited diet is to restore the full functioning of the digestive system.
- raw vegetables and fruits (can be consumed only in boiled, steamed, stewed and baked form);
- any bread (white and black);
- mushrooms:
- whole milk;
- fats of animal origin;
- seafood;
- sausages, half-finished products, fast food;
- confectionery;
- carbonated drinks, coffee, alcohol.
Drug therapy for adults
Since the treatment of salmonellosis without drugsIt is impossible to consider the list of drugs prescribed to patients in detail. On average, medication therapy for intestinal infection, provoked by salmonella, rarely lasts more than 10 days. Meanwhile, how much Salmonella treatment is treated depends largely on the patient's condition.
As already mentioned, at the first stage of treatmentit is extremely important to eliminate dehydration, which arises from intense vomiting and diarrhea. To slow down the work of the intestine will help such a drug as "Loperamide." The manufacturers do not recommend taking it for more than 5 days.
Antibiotic from salmonellosis is prescribed in thatcase, when the disease proceeds in severe form. The drug is first administered to the patient intravenously. After relief, they switch to oral or intramuscular injections. The most common antibacterial drugs are:
- "Azithromycin".
- Ciprofloxacin.
- "Cefotaxime."
- "Ceftriaxone."
Cleansing the body of bacteria
At a headache and a high temperature appoint"Ibuprofen", "Paracetamol". Effective and useful in salmonellosis is the cleaning of the intestines with an enema. In addition, to remove all toxins from the body will help sorbents, which are considered indispensable for intestinal infections. The most famous drugs can be called "Enterosgel", "Smektu", activated charcoal.
For the subsequent normalization of activity of bodiesdigestive system, the doctor appoints enzyme-containing drugs ("Festal", "Mezim", "Creon"). After the antibiotic treatment is passed, it is necessary to drink a course of probiotics, which will help restore the damaged microflora in the intestine. It is necessary to take such medicines for a long time, not less than 2-3 weeks. Effective agents, which include living bacteria, are Lactobacterin, Bifidumbacterin, Acipol.
Nuances of treating children from salmonella
As such, a remedy for salmonellosis forthere is no treatment for children. Apply the same drugs as adult patients, but in a different dosage. First of all, it is necessary to solder the sick child. To remove from the body all kinds of toxins, it is desirable to give every 5 minutes on a teaspoon of water or other drink. In case of severe dehydration, doctors can prescribe droppers with glucose.
Antibiotics and antipyreticappoint only a doctor. Self-medication can not be done in any case. Restrictions that apply to adult patients are fully extended to children. Adhere to the diet child should be as long as possible, because the weakened body of the baby will be hard to cope with a sharp load on the digestive system.
Folk recipes from intestinal infection
Folk remedies for salmonellosis, unfortunately,do not guarantee a one hundred percent positive result. Meanwhile, in combination with drug therapy and diet, home recipes for getting rid of intestinal infection can be an additional option that speeds up treatment.
- Infusion of plantain. You can cure salmonella with a herbal medicine if you cook it at the rate of: 1 tbsp. l. chopped leaves a glass of boiling water. It takes 10-15 minutes to take this infusion, after which you should drink your home medicine in small sips.
- Effective against intestinal infection is consideredtincture of walnuts. To prepare it, you will need to take a glass of peeled fruits and 2 glasses of vodka. Put the medicine in a dark place for 3-4 days. It is necessary to apply the received means every 2 hours on 5 drops to children (spreading out in 1 tablespoon of boiled water) and on 10 drops to adults.
- To maintain the overall body resistanceChamomile drug infusion is considered the most effective remedy. At 1 tbsp. l collection requires 1 cup of boiling water. In a metal container put the medicine on a slow fire and cook for about 5 minutes. When the decoction has cooled and infused, you can use. For an adult patient, you should take the medicine at least 4 times a day, 2 tbsp. l after meal.
- Eliminating abdominal pain with salmonellosis will helpessential mint oil. Apply it externally, a few drops are enough, after which the agent is rubbed into the skin with neat circular motions. Such a massage can be done to improve intestinal motility.
Probable complications of salmonellosis
Ignore the symptoms of the disease can not. Any intestinal infection triggered by a pathogen is dangerous to the health and life of the patient. Late delayed therapy to eliminate bacteria in the body is fraught with negative dangerous consequences, including:
- heart and kidney failure;
- sudden jumps in blood pressure;
- respiratory arrest, collapse.
In addition, purulent complications can occur from all internal organs and systems. When salmonellosis are often such:
- peritonitis;
- appendicitis;
- arthritis.
In the advanced stage of the disease, bacteria, gettingthrough the bloodstream to the meninges, can provoke inflammation and encephalopathy. Infectious-toxic shock, as well as exacerbation of chronic diseases (pancreatitis, cholecystitis) are rare in patients, but such complications in most cases can end in disrepair. In rare cases, salmonella causes blood clotting problems.
