Hypoplasia of the kidney: symptoms and diagnosis

Hypoplasia of the kidney is included in the number of congenitaldevelopmental anomalies, in which the organ has a normal structure, but is significantly reduced in size. Common cases of hypoplasia is the defeat of one kidney, less often the pathology of both organs occurs. At a hypoplasia changes of a renal tissue can be imperceptible, and can essentially be expressed. In the presence of gross deviations, the kidney loses its functions. If two kidneys are exposed to the disease, then a child with such a pathology can die from a developed kidney failure, because of which poisoning begins with metabolic products.
Hypoplasia of the kidney in the child exposes the body to the effects of infectious and inflammatory diseases, which violate its functions. In such a kidney, secondary pyelonephritis develops most often.

Hypoplasia of the kidney is diagnosed bymethods of radioisotope or ultrasound examination, as well as excretory urography. The use of renal arteriography makes it possible to clarify the size of the organ and to separate the developmental anomaly from diseases that cause a secondary decrease in the size of the kidney (nephrosclerosis).

Excretory urograms show a decreasethe size of the kidney. Its uneven contours and moderately dilated pelvis can make differential diagnosis more difficult. When hypoplasia of the calyx, the kidneys do not deform, as in pyelonephritis, but only decrease in volume. With the help of renal angiography, you can see that with hypoplasia, the veins and arteries are thinned throughout, and when the wrinkled angiogram is similar to the picture of a burnt tree. The value of biopsy results in the disease is very limited.

Unilateral hypoplasia of the (right) kidney is usually notNeed for treatment if the organ is not prone to the development of other pathologies (pyelonephritis complicated by hypertension or wrinkling of the kidney). In difficult cases, adult patients are removed kidney (nephrectomy), children are trying to save the sick body, if it performs its functions at least a third. When the hypoplastic infected kidney is removed, the performance of its functions goes to the second healthy one. If both infected organs are removed, the kidney taken from the donor is transplanted.

In addition to the diagnosis of simple hypoplasia, the kidneys are isolatedtwo more rare forms of this pathology: rudimentary and dwarf dysplastic kidney. In the first case, we are talking about a deviation, in which instead of the kidney there is only a sclerotic mass of a small size. In it, when performing a histological examination, the remains of the tubules and glomeruli are found. For a dwarf dysplastic kidney, in addition to a significant (up to 3-5 cm) reduction in size, the development of fibrous interstitial tissue and a sharp decrease in the number of glomeruli are characterized by excessive development. Sometimes the ureter can be obliterated.

Hypoplasia of the kidney: symptomatology

As already mentioned, unilateral kidney hypoplasia inthe course of the whole life can not be manifested, however, it is noticed that the anomaly is often affected by pyelonephritis and often causes nephrogenic hypertension. Bilateral hypoplasia manifests itself in infancy, children as a result of deviation lag behind in development and growth. They often experience diarrhea, vomiting, pallor, signs of rickets, body temperature rises, in addition, the concentration function of the kidneys decreases. At the same time, biochemical blood tests for a long time remain normal. Without violations, there is also arterial pressure, which rises only in the late chronic stages of renal failure.