Federal Assembly: what is it, powers, structure, elections of deputies

The Federal Assembly is the authority, endowed with legislative initiative. It is a structure representing the interests of the multinational population of the country. In the article, let us consider in more detail what is the Federal Assembly, what are its features.

General information

Article 95 of the Constitution establishes the composition Of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. Tip The Federation and the State Duma are respectively the upper and lower chambers of the FS.

The parliament is called to realize sovereignty, express the will, interests of the population, reflect the opinion of the regions of the country.

Representative character

When considering the formation of the chambers of parliament, special attention should be paid to election of deputies. In the Federal Assembly there are representatives of different nations, nationalities, groups living on the territory of the state, people of different professions, bearers of various religious and ideological views.

Elections to the State Duma are popular, thatprovides reflection in her work of various political views, needs, interests of different social strata, political pluralism and ideological diversity.

The composition of the chambers is to a certain extent reflectedand demographic structure. At present, men and women, people of different ages, become deputies. The Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, there are citizens who expressed their confidence in the population.

Common tasks

The legislation regulates the legalthe position of the Federal Assembly. What is the legal status of the FS? It reflects the principles of the separation of power into legislative, judicial and executive. To the first just applies The Federal Assembly.

What legislative authority, many know. The structures included in it are responsible for the adoption of legal acts. The authority of the FS is just the approval of various laws, including the federal budget. In addition, the representative body exercises and parliamentary control over their execution.

Meanwhile, there are certain limits,limiting the competence of the Federal Assembly. What is a legal, democratic state? This is a state in which all branches of power realize their tasks without going beyond the limits of their powers. Thus, the Federal Assembly can not substitute itself for executive or judicial structures, interfere in the resolution of issues that are attributed to the exclusive jurisdiction of regions or municipalities.

Relationship with other institutions of power

When interacting with other bodies, the FS acts as an independent legislative structure that implements the functions of the parliament. In the legal sense The Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation does not obey any power structure, including the government and the president.

Particular importance is the relationship between FS andThe government, acting as the Higher Executive Institute. The lower chamber of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation participates in the appointment of its chairman by expressing agreement with the candidature submitted by the president. At the same time, the government has a special responsibility not only for the head of state, but also for the State Duma. The latter, in the presence of grounds, has the right to express distrust to the Supreme Executive Structure.

Not the least role in the legislative processThe interaction between the Federal Assembly and the president of the country plays. The latter participates in lawmaking: he signs, promulgates legislative acts, has the opportunity to impose a veto on a legal act. In addition, the President is empowered to early dissolution of the lower house of the FS and the appointment of new elections.

The Federal Assembly exercises legislativeregulation of the structure of federal institutions of representative, judicial, executive power, regulates the rules of their work, the general principles of their organization.

FS and courts

The judiciary, as is known, isindependent and subject exclusively to federal laws and the Constitution. Meanwhile, the competence of the FS includes the appointment of Supreme Court judges, who subsequently become irremovable.

The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation has special significance in ensuring the implementation of constitutional normative acts. Legal documents, their separate provisions, recognized as unconstitutional, lose force.

FS structure: main characteristics

The chambers of the Higher Representative Institute have the following features:

• Independence. It is expressed in a clear delimitation of the tasks of the chambers, the order of their implementation, the independence of the internal organization, and the own competence of the chambers.
• Different powers.
• Specifics of the representative nature of the activity.
• Different order of formation.

Composition

It is determined by the Constitution.

In the Federation Council there are 2 representatives of each region of Russia. They are the heads of the executive and representative structure of the subjects. They are members of the Federation Council.

The number of deputies in the State Duma is established in part 3 of Article 95 of the Constitution. Their number, according to the norm, is 450 people.

Rules of formation

The composition of the chambers is formed on the basis of constitutional provisions in the manner prescribed in federal laws.

The State Duma, according to general rules, is elected for 4 years. However, in 1993, as an exception, both chambers 1 of the Federal Assembly were formed for 2 years.

The Constitution does not provide for the election of the Federation Council. The composition of representatives from the regions, of course, can change with the adjustment of the personal composition of the heads of representative and executive structures of the subjects of the Russian Federation. The deputy corps, the leadership of the executive institutions can be updated after the regional elections.

Election of deputies of the State Duma

In Russia, citizens enjoy equal suffrage. Elections to the State Duma are held by secret ballot.

A Russian citizen who has reached the age of 21 on election day can become a candidate for deputy.

50% of the members of the State Duma are elected by single-mandatedistricts - from each district one candidate. Voters should be provided with an alternative, that is, the number of candidates must be at least two.

The remaining part of the deputy corps is chosen in proportion to the number of votes cast for federal lists submitted by associations and blocs.

Thus, the formation of the State Duma is carried out on a mixed system: in single-mandate constituencies the results are determined by majority, and by federal lists - proportional.

Parliamentary Center

The idea of ​​its creation is discussed in Russia withmid-2000's. The idea is to unite the State Duma and the Federation Council in one building. In 2012, D. Medvedev, who was then the President of the country, expressed his support for the implementation of the plan.

The need to create a Parliamentary Centerthe developers of the project explained the tightness of the offices of parliamentarians, the remoteness of services with which there is constant interaction. In addition, one of the main problems are the constant traffic jams in the city center.

To create the Parliamentary Centervarious districts of the capital were considered: Frunzenskaya Embankment, Krasnaya Presnya, "Moscow City", Kutuzov Ave, Moskvoretskaya Embankment, Museon Park, etc. In 2104, the choice was stopped on the territory in the Mnevicheskoi floodplain. However, environmentalists spoke against the placement of the Center.

The discussion of the project should have been carried out by bothChambers of Parliament, together with the Office of the President and the FSO. Choose a project should have been on a competitive basis. However, the works that were submitted, caused many disagreements that could not be resolved after the re-competition.

The issue offinancing. According to the original plan, it was planned to build the Center on the money of a private investor. After completion of the work, he could receive the buildings in which the Federation Council and the State Duma are currently located in the property with the possibility of building other objects in their place. But as noted by G. Revzin (architectural critic), the State Duma is located in a building built in 1935 (formerly the Labor and Defense Council was here), authored by A. Lagman. This building is protected by the state and, accordingly, can not be demolished.

Currently, the idea of ​​creating a Parliamentarycenter is not discussed. According to a number of experts, this is due to the deteriorating economic situation in the country. However, experts do not exclude that in the near future parliamentarians may again return to the discussion of this issue. Perhaps, another All-Russian project competition will be organized.