Andrianov compass - the ancestor of modern means of navigation

Departing on an independent journey, each tourist carefully thinks through his route. In order not to deviate from the chosen path, navigation tools are needed. Compass Andrianova (Adrianova) - a cheap, reliable and compact tool that helps the traveler navigate the terrain.

Analog navigation devices versus digital

In today's world, which is floodedall kinds of devices and gadgets, tourists often prefer an electronic GPS-navigator instead of a paper map and a compass, completely forgetting that the socket for charging the battery remained at home, and the satellite signal at the right time may disappear. An accurate and up-to-date topographic map in combination with a compass is still the main orientation tools for crossing the wilderness.

Moreover, special competitions are heldso-called orienteering, where participants demonstrate their ability to navigate the route and follow it exactly, using only the map and the compass.

Varieties of compasses

First of all, the compasses are electronic and magnetic.

Electronic refers to: radio compasses (reference - any source of radio waves), electronic tourist compasses (reference point - the magnetic fields of our planet, the direction of which determine the sensors on the chips) and GPS / GLONASS-navigators (landmark - signals and position of orbiting satellites). These are the most accurate and most modern tools for determining the position of an object in space.

Representatives of the next group are magneticcompasses - used by man for many thousands of years. For the first time, a product from a magnetic ironstone, pointing exactly to the South with one end, and the other to the North, was invented in China more than two thousand years ago and was called "sonan" - "knowing the South".

To the magnetic include tourist (including Andrianov Compass), military, geological, gyroscopic,astronomical and compasses-bussols. All of them operate on the same principle, are built according to similar schemes and differ only in some additions that make this or that kind of unique and determine the scope of this device.

A typical representative of his group is Andrianov's compass. Invented in the last century, this navigation tool is still actively used by tourists around the world.

Compass Andrianova (photo, creation history)

In 1907, a talented Russian engineer, a militarycartographer Vladimir Nikolayevich Adrianov presented to the command the first military compass. Simplicity of design, reliability and accuracy brought the invention unprecedented popularity. In honor of the author, the device was named Adrianov's compass. In subsequent years, up until now, the inventor's name was often distorted by adding the letter "n". So one of the most popular tools of the traveler received an additional, colloquial title "Andrianov Compass".

Compass design and operating principle

The device of the compass Andrianova It has not undergone any drastic changes for the lastcentury. This magnetic compass, transferred to the tourist group by modern classification, operates on the principle of interaction of fields created by a permanent magnet with the magnetic fields of our planet.

This tool is durablea body of round shape, covered with transparent glass, inside of which a magnetic needle rotates on the needle, the ends of which are marked with different colors - red and blue. The fringing of the case is made in the form of a dial and is supplemented by a rotating ring on which two sighters are located. The device is equipped with a leather strap with clasps as a wristwatch. In the lateral part of the body there is a mechanism for fixing the arrow - the detent.

Andrianov Compass has an internal chamber filled with air. In modern compasses, instead of air, an antifreeze liquid is used, which creates a viscous medium, which makes the arrow movements smooth and inert.

Basic principles of orientation

Before you start using the compass, you need to understand some of the theoretical basics.

Traditionally, four main directions are used in navigation: North, South, West, East. For a more precise definition of the direction of motion, the term "azimuth" is introduced.

The azimuth is the value of the angle measured indegrees, clockwise from the North to the specified direction. In order to move from the current position to the final point (point) of the route, the tourist must know the azimuth and distance to the point, and also determine the position of the North. The first two values ​​must be known in advance or can be determined from the map, and finding the North will help the compass.

Practical application of the Adrianov compass

Before you start traveling, how to use Andrianov's compass. At first, it is necessary to pull the detent, therebyreleasing the magnetic needle of the device. Then it is necessary to place the compass in the horizontal plane. After several rotations, the arrow will slowly stop and its end, painted in blue, will point to the North. Next, you need to rotate the body of the device until the blue arrow mark indicates the "C" mark. Thus, we determined the main aspects of the world: "C" - North, "South" - South, "Z" - West, "B" - East.

Now it's time to determine the azimuth. First, we determine the price of dividing the scale of the dial of our compass. The entire circumference is 360 degrees. It is necessary to find next to the standing labels with numbers and from a larger number to take less. The result should be divided by the number of divisions (segments) between numbers. For example: on the dial are the values ​​of 15 and 30, between them 3 segments (divisions). The price of one division is (30-15) / 3 = 5 degrees.

Now from the zero point ("C", North) clockwiseThe arrow is postponed the required azimuth by rotating the ring with the sighters. For example, to set the azimuth at 75 degrees, it is necessary to rotate the ring from the zero mark by 15 divisions clockwise.

We check the position of the arrow, it should still indicate a blue label on the "C". Now, looking through the slits of the viewers as a sight, we know exactly the direction of the movement along the given azimuth.

Compass Adrianova was and will be the most reliable andaccessible tool of any traveler. Improving the orientation skills with the use of maps and compass, you can confidently move in the wild without risk of getting lost.