The Trinity Tower of the Moscow Kremlin is the highest in the whole ensemble
This tower, one of the twenty that make up the architectural complex of the Moscow Kremlin, has many features. It - the only heated and has internal premises with a decent acoustics.
Fryazin means an Italian
Among the masters, whom Ivan III attracted forerection of the main fortification of Moscow, were Italians. Among them was the architect, who entered the Russian history under the name of Aleviz Fryazin (Milanets). Studies of domestic and foreign historians have revealed that this was the name of Aloisio de Carazano in Russia, the stone works of a master from Piedmont, Italy, located at the foot of the Alps. It is he who is considered the builder of the site of the Kremlin fortress, which walked along the banks of the Neglinnaya River. In 1495 he was started, and four years later the construction of the tower, which later became second in importance (after Spassky), was completed.
Several names
Its current name is Trinity TowerMoscow Kremlin was in the middle of the XVII century, by the name of the nearby monastery. Previously, the name for the tower was chosen by the name of the nearby Kremlin cathedrals. She was Epiphany, and Rizopolozhenskaya, and Znamenska. There were other variants in the people: Karetnaya (next to the carriage yard), the Patriarchate (through which the supreme pastor went to the city) or the Women's (through her to the Kremlin, women fell in love with the queen).
Height
As already mentioned, this is the tallest towerThe Moscow Kremlin. Troitskaya is 9 meters taller than Spasskaya. Because of the peculiarities of the relief, the tower has different parameters outside and inside the wall. From the Kremlin side, the height of the tower with the star is 69.3 m. The building has 6 elevated floors and 2 lower levels of deep cellars.
Purpose and construction
Originally, the Kremlin was built as the mostpowerful in Europe fortress. The Kremlin towers served as the supporting centers of defense. Their loopholes eventually expanded to conduct cannon firing. The Troitskaya Tower of the Moscow Kremlin was also subjected to these improvements. Her photo in the current state shows the result of numerous reconstructions, the last of which ended in the fall of 2015.
During this restoration, the lowerpart of the building. It turned out that in the base of the tower lie granite blocks of enormous size, bound with limestone. Undertaking a tunnel and breaking the stability of such a foundation is unlikely. This once again confirmed the high fortification qualities of the Kremlin as a whole, as well as of its individual elements. The Trinity Tower is one of four strongholds that could continue to defend itself even after the capture of the Kremlin walls.
The architecture of Troitskaya in many ways resemblesSpassky tower. On a square basic volume there is a polyhedral superstructure with a white stone decoration, crowned with a high tent. The tower also had its own chimes destroyed after the French invasion of 1812.
Barbican
Another feature of this architecturala monument - the presence of a single surviving near-wall defensive object - Kutafia Tower. This structure was called gate fortification (barbican) and served to guard the entrance to the tower gate.
Eagles and stars
The last time the Kremlin walls performeddefensive functions during the storming of the Kremlin by Bolshevik detachments during the October Revolution of 1917. The shelling of one of the most damaged was the Troitskaya Tower of the Moscow Kremlin. The history of those days tells about the loss of an important Orthodox shrine - the icon of the Kazan Mother of God, who was in the Kyoto over the Troitsky Gates for a long time. Now this niche is empty, and from the side of the Alexandrovsky garden the Trinity tower is decorated with a clock.
Until 1935 the Kremlin towers were crowned with two-headedeagles, and Trinity decorated the oldest, which was about half a century. Soviet power replaced the royal coat of arms with the symbols of the new time - five-pointed stars. At first they were gold, but they quickly faded and were replaced by ruby ones. The Trinity Tower of the Moscow Kremlin, a photo of which is necessarily present on the gadgets of numerous Moscow guests, also has a red-starred pommel well visible from afar.
Musical stuffing
The tower, through which crowds of people who want to see the Kremlin, get into its palaces and museums, has one more function. Unlike others, it is inhabited.
The Presidential Orchestra of Russia, which is part of the systemThe Federal Security Service is an obligatory participant in all official ceremonies. Without him, meetings and farewells of distinguished guests, reward ceremonials can not be avoided. The residence of this musical group is the Trinity Tower of the Moscow Kremlin.
The details of the life of the chief builder are lostthe tower - Aleviza Fryazina, has long been in the past its defensive functions, but today the Trinity Tower is one of the most recognizable objects of the Kremlin, the main architectural landmark of Moscow.
