The main list of dictionaries of the Russian language and their authors
Dictionaries are kind of "representatives"language, showing people its wealth, diversity and beauty. Without dictionaries it was problematic to study the languages of other peoples, correctly understand the meanings of words and understand terminology.
The list of Russian dictionaries and their authors is a story of people who love and understand it, and its development and changes.
The meaning of dictionaries in our time
At all times lived and created compilersdictionaries. Without them, literate written speech is unlikely to ever come. Today, scientists studying ancient languages, face such a problem as a lack of vocabulary. Fortunately, this does not threaten our descendants.
Although modern man gets a dayinformation more than people of antiquity in their entire lives, they still need dictionaries, and for this there are reasons. Today it is simply indecent to speak and write illiterately, because ignoramuses do not achieve success in their careers, do not become popular and rich. The vocabulary of a person and the ability to use them correctly is the key to achieving any desires, since it is speech that helps to attract attention and success.
As a rule, all literate people are able to use dictionaries. Knowing the list of dictionaries of the Russian language and their authors, you can easily find both the meaning of the word, and its synonym.
Types of dictionaries
If the first dictionaries of the Russian language wereexceptionally sensible, then as the dissemination of literacy in the country there was a need for spelling. Later, with the advent of new professions, books with narrowly focused terms began to be issued, for example, dictionaries for sailors, medical, technical and others.
The most popular today are:
- spelling dictionaries;
- sensible;
- synonym references;
- dictionaries of foreign words;
- phraseological;
- reference books on the compatibility of words.
All of them reveal the word and its concept to the person, and no matter how long the list of dictionaries of the Russian language is, their authors are those selfless people who devoted their lives to their compilation.
Explanatory Dictionaries
The study of the meaning of words begins in people withearly childhood and continues until his death. This suggests that the Russian language is a constantly changing living "organism" in which old cells (words) die off, and new ones all the time appear.
The first explanatory dictionary of the Russian language was publishedin 1860 thanks to the fifty-year work of the ethnographer and collector Vladimir Dal. As the son of Russified Germans and Danes, he was fond of incomprehensible words, and for the first time gathering and studying them he began to study at the age of fifteen.
Traveling a lot around the country, Dahl spoke withpeople from different cities and villages, with literate inhabitants and illiterate peasants, putting everything in their diaries. Thanks to this work, the light saw "Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian language Dal", which is equal to that until now. He repeatedly reprinted, since many words have already left the everyday life, and they were replaced by new concepts.
No less well known is the "Dictionary of Ozhegov," writtenbased on the "Explanatory Dictionary of Dahl" edited by Ushakov. Being a Soviet linguist, Ozhegov made his colleague's work more modern and augmented. If in the first edition of the author there were slightly more than 50 000 words, then in subsequent issues their number was constantly growing. The last edition of his "Dictionary of the Russian Language" was published in 1992 and totaled 70,000 words.
Orthographic Dictionaries
The task of the spelling dictionary is to show a person how to correctly write a word in various cases or declensions with an example of using it in speech.
Literate written speech in our time isa kind of "visiting card" of a person communicating with friends or conducting business on the Internet. Functions such as SMS, chats and messages in social networks "force" people to write a lot and often.
The spelling dictionary of the Russian language shouldbe a reference book for every schoolboy, and just a literate person. As a rule, works like this are compiled by learned linguists, for example, Dmitry Nikolayevich Ushakov (1873-1942).
The most famous of the school bench is"The orthographic dictionary of the Russian language Ushakov", which, as well as "Explanatory Dictionary of Dahl," was repeatedly reprinted and edited by the next generations of linguists.
Synonym dictionary
As time shows, the list of dictionaries of Russianlanguage and their authors are constantly replenished. For example, such a reference book as a phrasebook helps people understand the speech speed that our ancestors used in conversations. Without it, the concepts of many expressions have long been lost.
The dictionary of Russian synonyms was calledthe need for people to diversify their speech. Today, more than ever, many clichés in the speech turn to avoid this, literate people are looking for a substitute for them. Here, for this, it is necessary, for example, "Dictionary of Synonyms" edited by Babenko.
Russian dictionaries today
There are working languages on the planet that do not change for thousands of years, but as a rule, most of them from time to time undergo reforms. The Russian language did not escape this fate.
As already mentioned above, he is incontinuous development, so the dictionaries will appear until it stops. It is unlikely that this can be expected in the near future, as every year in the world there are scientific discoveries, new words and professions appear that need to be interpreted and written competently.
Modern linguists track changes in the vocabulary constantly, so no one should be surprised that every 5-10 years new dictionaries of the Russian language are published.
