Program "21 century. Elementary School": reviews. New textbooks for the 1st grade. Adaptation period in the first class

What is the program "21 century. Primary School"? The responses of teachers working on it are very ambiguous. Some are convinced that this method is necessary for the harmonious development of the personality of the modern child, other teachers categorically reject such a variant of education and upbringing of the younger generation.

Features of the program

Fundamentals of developmental learning laid down in thisproject are the result of many years of searching and researching a large and friendly team of specialists from the Center for Primary School of the ISMO (Institute of Secondary General Education of RAO). In addition, several employees of the Russian Academy of Education also took an active part in the development. Textbooks for the first grade were created under the guidance of NF Vinogradov, professor, doctor of pedagogical sciences, corresponding member of RAO.

Prerequisites for creating a new methodology

Before such a theory appeared, dozensteachers and psychologists worked hard on it. The GEF program "Elementary School. 21 century "was developed on the basis of the theory of LS Vygotsky. It reflected the methods of developing education DB Elkonin, AV Zaporozhets, VV Davydov. The program has elements of the concept of a promising elementary school, proposed by NF Vinogradova, AM Pyshkalo.

The main idea of ​​QMS

What is so good about the program "21 century. Primary School"? The feedback of the teachers using this training and methodological set indicate that it offers several ways of modernizing the modern primary education, new approaches to the goal, the main content of the material are disclosed. This method of raising and teaching children of primary school age in a regular school has been successfully tested. The author's team working on the creation of the CMD has also developed special textbooks for the 1st grade.

Features of the methodical package

In addition to the book for students, the authors of the programcreated and special books for primary school teachers. Special notebooks of the elementary school of the 21st century were also published. A separate edition for teachers was issued and methodical recommendations, and pourochnye planning for each academic discipline. What is different from other methods of the program "21 century. Primary school? "Reviews of parents whose children have already completed training, are mostly positive. They note that the children were much easier to adapt to the middle link, they did not have problems with their studies.

Completion of QMS

A full-fledged training kit"Elementary school of the 21st century. The World around "includes a book edited by NF Vinogradov, as well as a special workbook on this subject. Also in UMK there is a primer created by Yevdokimova OA, Zhurova LE Problems for the 1st class in mathematics, collected by Rudnitskaya VN, have interesting content, clear questions. When performing their children they learn to think, to think logically, to choose the right variant from several proposed ones. Literacy and reading are taught according to the textbook "Literary Reading", proposed by Efrosinina LA All the benefits that are included in this training kit have been (recommended) for use by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. If the tasks for the first class in mathematics are based on the development of logic, then in such a subject as technology, attention is paid to the formation of practical skills.

Features of QMS

In the technique there is a main principlemodern education: primary school is natural. Features of the learning process are that at this age, the basic need of schoolchildren is communication, productive activity. These features were taken into account by the authors of the methodology, they clearly defined what the pupil of grade 2 should be able to do. Individual and typological features of cognitive activity of schoolchildren were taken into account, the level of their socialization was determined. How is the program "21st century. Primary School"? The responses of teachers and parents confirm the timeliness of the introduction of this methodology, its effectiveness.

Adaptation period

Psychologists noted the importance of adaptationperiod for first graders. It is thanks to this time that first-graders, depending on the degree of readiness to attend school, move without any problems from the pre-school period to a rich school life. The authors of this methodological kit placed special emphasis on the development of integrated academic disciplines offered to first-graders in the first half of the year. The logical tasks that the children solve help them to study the environment, to learn the basics of literacy. The subject "The World", in addition to educational functions, provides a soft adaptation of yesterday's kids to a new activity.

This integration, which allows to take into accountcomplex perception by the schoolchild of a given age of nature, over time, is replaced by special differentiated courses. The logical tasks offered to first-graders in the second half of the year help to form a complete picture of the surrounding reality in schoolchildren. This trend is taken as the basis for the construction of the discipline "The World" in grades 2-4. The course "Primary School. 21st Century ”(Grade 2) is aimed at solving one of the priority tasks of modern primary education - the formation of the main components of educational activity. This idea of ​​building a learning process for elementary school students was proposed by theorists of developmental education. The authors of the set “Primary School. 21st Century ”set a task to create a methodology for this variant of education for Russian schools, regardless of the location of the educational institution, the level of training of the teaching staff.

GEF in elementary school

New Federal State Standards,created for the initial stage of learning, introduced the reading rate in grade 1. It was determined taking into account the fact that the authors of the CMD turned their priority attention to the use of modeling activity of elementary school students. The authors have created a special system of games with rules, thanks to which the necessary and important qualities and skills for the learning process are developed. The structure and content of the means used to realize the goals set reflect innovative approaches to the formation of the assessment and control activities of younger schoolchildren. The CMB assumes a special ruble called “Check Yourself”, as well as tasks like “find the mistakes”, “compare your answer with the text”.

New trends in primary school

Update the content of training and education inRussian elementary school implies a gradual transition from reproductive and instructive activities to research and research and design work. An educational and methodological kit, successfully used in almost all modern Russian educational institutions, does not imply the students' mastering the role of a simple “listener”, but a translation into the function of a “researcher”. Now, first-graders do not just attentively listen to their mentor, memorize the material, reproduce it in the process of the lesson, they are full-fledged objects of educational activity.

The child is interested in finding answerson his questions, acquire new knowledge on their own. Before embarking on a new task, the student sets a hypothesis for himself, that is, he expresses his assumptions on the material under consideration. Already in the first grade, a student seeks his own algorithm of actions, enters into a scientific discussion with classmates, a teacher-mentor. The teacher no longer sets the task for the children at the beginning of the cognitive activity, each student has a real opportunity to independently “discover” the scientific material, to conduct a full-fledged own research.

The authors of the analyzed educational and methodicalThe goal of the kit was to increase the attention of teachers and parents to the creative work of schoolchildren. It implies the independence and initiative of each child. In order to cope with this serious problem in practice, teachers propose to increase the importance of problem-based learning, and they devote a lot of time to the development of students' independence. Gradually, with the physiological growth of children, an increase in the complexity of tasks developed for schoolchildren is also expected.

Creative activity in children increasesthanks to the improvement of such a mental process as the imagination. This training method involves the use of role-playing games. It is thanks to them that schoolchildren have the opportunity to develop different facets of behavior, to form creativity and imagination in each child. The urgency and expediency of carrying out role-playing games at the initial stage of training is confirmed by practice, therefore such an activity has become an indispensable structural element of the subject “The World” in grades 1-2. The textbook has a special rubric called “Journey into the past”, which involves stimulating the creative activity of children.

The specifics of the "school of the 21st century"

The authors of this kit paid special attentionopportunities for each child to show their individuality. In all the means of training offered by the authors of the methodology, it is assumed material that allows the teacher to take into account the success and own pace of the child, his level of intellectual development. The textbooks included in this program suggest the availability of additional training content. Due to this, a very high cultural, erudition training background is created. In the new reality, the child is relieved of the obligation to perfectly know certain educational material, and he is given the right to develop his own educational trajectory. This approach of the authors contributed to the development and implementation of innovative approaches to the modern differentiation of primary education.

Now the teacher carries out purposefulsupport given a different level of classroom team. Special developmental and correctional workbooks, which have been specially developed in all academic disciplines, give the teacher the opportunity to abandon the classic version of work oriented at the "average" student. Now he can direct his professional activity to work with younger schoolchildren, taking into account the level of success and the capabilities of each child.

CMD offers a painstaking work systemelementary school teacher, which is associated with the elimination of all causes of difficulties encountered in children in the study of various school subjects. The CMD presents tests, there is a system for diagnosing students in each class, with its help the teacher traces the growth dynamics of his wards, and also monitors the success of learning new knowledge and skills. Special attention was paid by the authors of the new methodological program to the formation of a positive emotional atmosphere when teaching younger schoolchildren, as well as developing their independence and learning initiative.

The teaching method is designed so that each studentprimary school gets the right to make a mistake, an independent assessment of their own work, analysis of learning outcomes. The program has a certain section “Check Yourself” for children, and for the teacher there are special recommendations for organizing control over the work of schoolchildren. Each item included in the updated program has its own purpose.

Analyzed educational kit"Primary School of the 21st Century" was appreciated by the National Training Foundation. The program has become a participant and winner of a serious competition related to the creation of new generation of textbooks for the OS. The Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation, having carefully studied all the materials, highly appreciated this technique. CMD received public recognition, won various government and industry awards. So, in 2001, this kit was recognized as the winner of the “Textbook of the 21st Century” nomination. The program was awarded at the 14th Moscow Book International Fair, an Oscar. In 2002, the School of the 21st Century received the prestigious presidential award in the field of education.

Reviews about the kit "Primary School of the 21st Century"

Teachers who have gone through all the steps givenprograms, say that it is quite interesting and innovative. Teachers note its developing nature, the presence in the textbooks of multi-level logical tasks. Among the features of this program of interest are the integrated courses offered to first-graders in the first half of the year. For example, traditional subjects aimed at learning to write and mathematics are integrated into the Graduate course. The guys master the learning skills in mathematics and their native language. Parents are concerned that the program will not be too difficult for their children.

Conclusion

Analyzed program for primary schooldevotes special attention to a variety of student diagnostics. Thanks to such actions, the teacher better understands the problems of his pupils, looks for ways to correct them, selects differentiated work in the classroom, helps the child build an individual educational trajectory. The student gets the opportunity to relieve the accumulated stress, since the diagnostic work does not have the usual scoring system. The TMM “Primary School of the 21st Century” assumes the implementation of the basic principle of modern education - taking into account the age characteristics of children.

The popularity of this kit is confirmed bythe fact that in almost all regions of the Russian Federation primary school teachers work under such a program. Teachers who have chosen the CMD, speak positively about him. Among its differences from other programs developed for elementary school, let us single out the construction of a system for conducting pedagogical diagnostics from the first to the fourth grade. This project is aimed primarily at the harmonious development of the student, his successful learning. In this regard, it is the systematic diagnosis that is assigned a separate meaning, thanks to which the teacher monitors the individual characteristics of the wards, implements a differentiated approach to each pupil.

Pedagogical diagnostics allows the teacher toinitial stage to identify the student readiness to learn. Further, the mentor can understand what the level of child's mastery of skills and abilities is, whether successful changes have occurred. Based on the data obtained, the teacher makes a decision on whether to move forward or to repeat the educational material. In the process of such a diagnosis, it is not so much the knowledge itself that is checked, as a way of solving a particular educational problem. The advantages of such a diagnosis is that the guys feel freer, do not depend on marks. When conducting such studies regularly from first to fourth grade, the teacher forms a clear picture of the intellectual and creative growth of each child. This gives the opportunity to mentor in time to come to the aid of a student, to attract parents.

Despite the difficulties associated with implementingThe new program for the initial stage of training, its effectiveness and efficiency are time-confirmed. The reviews on this pedagogical method are mostly positive, since it is based on an individual approach to children, the differentiation of the educational process. In connection with the transition of modern Russian education to new state educational standards, the relevance and relevance of educational methods involving the cooperation of a student and a teacher are increasing.