Adaptation of the first-grader in the conditions of GEF. Primary School

When a child becomes a first-grader, he ascends to a new stage of his development. First-graders are more independent, more diligent, they are able to concentrate their attention on the necessary things.

Coming to school, the baby gets into the unusual forhis conditions with strangers. And for the learning process to be easy and interesting, the child must adapt to the new school conditions and the staff with whom he will learn.

Adaptation of the first-grader in the conditions of GEF specialattention is paid to preserving the health of students. According to the standard, in educational institutions the priority direction is allocated - preservation and strengthening of health of pupils.

Length of the school adaptation period

The length of the period of adaptation to the school depends onpersonal qualities of a particular child. The average lasts from 8 weeks to 6 months. Throughout the period of adaptation, it is important to support close people so that the child does not lose faith in their strength.

The concept of "adaptation" includes social, psychological and physiological aspects.

The social aspect shows how comfortablethe child feels himself in the team. Children attending the kindergarten adapt more easily to the staff, since it is in pre-school institutions that the first communication skills are acquired.

Psychological readiness consists of intellectual and motivational maturity. Motivation of the game must give way to motivation for learning.

The physiological aspect shows the readiness of the organism for the load.

Stages of physiological adaptation

Adaptation of the child to school affects his physical condition. During the adaptation period, the organism reacts to new conditions with varying degrees of stress of internal resources.

There are three stages of adaptation:

1. The first 15-20 days of study all the resources of the body work at maximum. This is due to the change in the life regime and the receipt of new duties.
2. After a heavy load, there is a small drop in tension, the body begins to adjust to new conditions, tries to spare its resources.
3. At the final stage, there is a stable adaptation. The organism was determined with the load and chose the least expensive way of reaction. There is a stabilization of the nervous system.

The entire physiological period of adaptationfirst graders takes about 5-6 weeks. At this time, teachers and parents should not load the child once more and give the body the opportunity to calmly go through the adaptation period.

Psychological readiness for school

When a child becomes a first-grader, he increases the level of anxiety from unusual and new duties. Psychological adaptation is aimed at reducing the anxiety and ability of the baby to adequately assess their actions.

The GEF, in order to improve the adaptation period, suggests conducting diagnostic and corrective steps.

During the diagnostic stage,various conditions for the adaptation of first-graders, observations are conducted using special techniques that are aimed at identifying the emotional state in school and psychological in the family in the child. Relations in the family play an important role in the process of adaptation. If the family has a quiet atmosphere, then the baby will be easier to adapt in the new environment.

If the student is hard at giving passageadaptation period, then the corrective stage is carried out. For each individual, a methodology is developed to increase motivation, increasing the student's interest in learning.

The period of 6-7 years is associated with emotionalchanges in the baby. If the child receives low grades, hears constant criticism and discontent from parents, then the level of his self-esteem will drop significantly, which will be reflected by the presence of complexes and a low degree of adaptation.

Self-esteem is an important indicator in the adaptation of the child

In order for the child to quickly establish contact withother children, his self-esteem should be normal. Deviations of it in greater or lesser side will negatively affect the educational process and the relations in the team.

Therefore, the task of a psychologist is to help childrenform an adequate self-assessment. Adaptation of the first-grader in the conditions of GEF will be easier if the child at the younger school age forms objective self-esteem. To do this, the students conduct various tasks that contribute to the formation of adequate self-esteem.

To select self-assessment control tasks,method of adaptation of first-graders. It is developed on the basis of the Dembo-Rubinstein methodology. The result shows the development of the student's self-assessment in such areas as mood, emotional stability and the degree of adequacy.

Joint work of teachers and parents

To speedy adaptation of the child to school, parents are also attracted. The first parent meeting is held at the school.

Adaptation of first-graders is the main question,which is considered. They emphasize the parents' need for help and support to the first-grader. The meetings are held not in the usual form, but in the form of special psychological and pedagogical seminars, on which they tell:

• How to help a child "enter" into the learning process.
• How should the day be properly organized?
• How to learn to be collected and attentive.
• What motivates the independence of doing homework.

Psychological adaptation requires an integrated approach: the joint work of the school team and parents will help children start a new stage in their life.

The reasons for the disadaptation of first-graders

The difficulties of adapting first-graders are connected withdisparity of psychophysiological and social functions with the requirements of the training system. The child does not want to attend an educational institution, he does not have friends in the class, in this regard, the protective functions are reduced, frequent diseases appear.

There are three types of school disadaptation:

1. Nonobservance of the topic, the fragmentary assimilation of knowledge without a whole concept, which is expressed in chronic underachievement.
2. Violation of the emotional attitude towards teachers, subjects, perspectives related to study.
3. Violation of behavior, indiscipline.

The reasons that cause disadaptation of schoolchildren can be:

• Insufficient motivation for the learning process.
• Inability to behave independently, make decisions.
• Non-acceptance of necessary standards of conduct.
• Communication with adults causes difficulties, which leads to a lack of understanding of the information set forth by the teacher.
• Low self-esteem, lack of self-confidence.
• Unavailability of the physiological processes of the body.

Adaptation of a first-grader in the conditions of GEF will be easier if his parents help him.

Recommendations for the adaptation of children in primary school

Teachers and psychologists make such a plan of study,which will help children faster and easier to adapt to school. The program should be designed taking into account the results of the diagnosis in the learning process.

In order for the adaptation to be easy, it is necessary:

• The fastest way to introduce children to each other.
• Show the positive side of each student.
• Create a team with a friendly atmosphere.
• Teach children to help each other.
• To help the students to realize themselves.
• In the first year, do not strongly criticize students, focus on positive qualities.
• There is no evaluation in the first grades, however, a control system should be developed to stimulate learning.

Adaptation of a first-grader in the conditions of GEFtakes place with the help of the institution of the class teacher of an individual portfolio, which reflects the main aspects of the child's studies, as well as his spiritual and moral development and physical health.

Extra-hour activities are carried out, the purpose of which is to develop personal qualities, for example, in the sphere of patriotism based on family relations.

Adaptation period passed

Adaptation was successful if:

• The child is happy to attend school.
• He takes an active part in the life of the class.
• No problem with the assimilation of the school curriculum.
• Independently performs homework.
• There is self-control over your behavior.
• Calm, adequate response to temporary setbacks.
• Communication with teachers and peers causes only positive emotions.

Parents should not forget to monitor the health of the child under the influence of the training load. Positive health stability means the process of adaptation to the school is complete.

Conclusion

Becoming a child as a schoolchild is an important stage inhis life. To this stage was smooth and painless, parents should listen to the recommendations of psychologists and teachers in the issue of adaptation to school life. And remember that the period of adaptation for each child is individual, but support, help and self-reliance will help the child to easily overcome the changes in his life and become a full-fledged schoolboy.