Why are impersonal verbs in Russian?
What are called verbs in Russian? This is part of the speech, in an initial form answering the questions "What to do?" (drink, sing, paint, walk) or "What to do?" (drink, sing, paint, go). Verbs most often denote an action, sometimes a state. They can be personal, i. E. indicating the action that a certain person produces.
Examples. Blossoms bird cherry tree. Its fragrance circling head. Here is someone from the town descended. In this case, the verbs "blossoms" and "descended" are the actions performed by a particular person (bird cherry blooms, somebody descended), so they are called personal.
Impersonal verbs express an action proceeding without its producer.
Examples. It's getting dark. It's cold. Me a little feverish.
Impersonal verbs can be combined into semantic groups.
The first group.
It includes verbs expressing the actions taking place in nature. It grows dull, it cools, it freezes, it freezes.
The second group.
Verbs that fix a condition or sensation. Shivering, fever, unwell.
The third group.
Impersonal verbs that fix desire, necessity, possibility or measure of action. Enough, it should be.
Impersonal verbs and personal are inextricably linked in language. In particular, often the personal form acts as impersonal.
Examples. Rings (LH) call, holidays have come. In my head rings (bl.gl.) from an overabundance of emotions.
In the first sentence, the verb's personal form"Ring" means the action that is performed by a certain manufacturer (call). In the second case, the action takes place (occurs) regardless of the producer, in itself, it indicates a state, therefore, in this case it does not and can not have a producer. (Can someone ring in your head?) This is an impersonal form of the verb.
Impersonal verbs freeze (are used) only in certain, fixed forms.
If they stand in the indicative mood, they can be used exclusively:
- in the third person of the singular;
- in the present or future time;
- in the past tense, the form of the neuter
Example. Soon it will darken too early. (Chap. Is used in the future tense, singular, third person). In the autumn darkens early. (Present time, unit number, person third). Today frostbitten. (Elapsed time, genus average, unit number).
If the verbs are in a conditional mood, then they are used in the middle genus.
Example. Rather would freezeabout.
In an indefinite form.
Example. Soon it will start to get dark.
Impersonal verbs are always the main member(predicate) in impersonal sentences. The meaning of these sentences is determined by the meaning of impersonal verbs. Some of them fix the state of living nature (How early in the autumn it is dying!). Others - the state of the living being, including man. (In the spring it is easy to breathe. From a fright he fell into his heart.) Finally, sentences of this kind are capable of having the semantic meaning of necessity or necessity. (He pronounced the words clearly, as befits a good teacher).
Personal verbs that can perform in the impersonalform is much larger (in our language). The structures of such proposals, their meanings are very diverse. They decorate speech, give it imagery, emotionality.
Example. Sky laid the dark clouds.
The verb tenses in Russian are an importantmorphological category. This is a non-permanent sign. It denotes the moment of the performance of a certain action in relation to the moment of speech. This feature varies depending on the context.
Examples. I drawing, I love you drawing. The action takes place at the present moment.
I'll take you drew, just like this did not recognize. Action is committed in the past.
I I will draw you are queen. I I will draw tomorrow morning. The action will be committed in the future.
To determine the verb time, it is enough to ask a question.
