Jacobin is ... The policy and dictatorship of Jacobins

Jacobinets is a member of the political party (Jacobin Club) of the Great French Revolution.

Birth of movement

The Jacobin club was formed by deputiesNational Assembly of the Breton faction. They held their meetings in the walls of the monastery of St. James in Paris. Hence the name of the Jacobin party. Their followers also had in the province, where many smaller clubs were established. The date of the dream is June, 1789. The Jacobin club was one of the most influential at that time and had a huge impact on the development and movement of the French Revolution.

Members of the club

It included three wings, or factions:

1. Right, headed by Danton, the attorney and future Minister of Justice of France.

2. The left, led by a well-known doctor and journalist of radical views, Marat, a strong supporter of the unleashed by the Jacobins terror.

3. The center - headed by Maximilian Robespierre, a brilliant orator and lawyer by profession.

Thus, the Jacobin is one of the participants in the revolutionary movement, the overwhelming majority of whom were well-educated people.

At the very beginning of its existence, the Jacobins werefor the introduction of a constitutional monarchy in the country. Speaking in the Convention, they defended the unity of the state, the strengthening of national security, but at the same time called for harsh internal terror against the opponents of France and those who are trying to split the state from within.

Maximilian Robespierre is the leader of the Jacobins

He was born into a family of hereditary lawyers. Early losing his mother and father, who left his family, Robespierre was brought up by his maternal grandfather, a brewer who wanted to make a worker out of him, confident that the profession of a lawyer would not bring prosperity. But the boy's teacher, seeing his talent for study, turned to the influential people of the city for help, and Robespierre received a scholarship, which gave him the opportunity to study at the Paris Lyceum. After graduation, he returns to his hometown and immerses himself in political life. Thanks to the excellent oratorical art Robespierre is elected to the number of Deputies of the General States from his city and returns to Paris.

The brilliant speeches of the young provincial soon attract attention, and Robespierre's words begin to heed.

Since the beginning of the revolutionary events in France, hetakes an active part in them, stands for permission to engage in public activities to actors, Huguenots and Jews, for the abolition of slavery in the colonies and for a veto on the death penalty in France.

Since the creation of the Jacobin club Robespierrebecomes one of its main leaders. After the overthrow of the monarchy and the declaration of France as an independent and indivisible republic, it occupies one of the leading positions in the National Convention.

The policy of the Jacobins after coming to power

In the National Convention the main opponentsThe Jacobin club was the Girondins. Jacobinets is a member of a radical political club, which means that he is not on the way with those who are less determined. The Girondins were against the execution of the king, fearing that it would open the way to terror in the country. Not differing in oratorical talents and organization, they lost the struggle for power. In 1793, after the accusatory speech in the Convent of Robespierre, they were brought to trial and executed.

After the Jacobins came to power, their dictatorshipparty has acquired a particularly formidable scope. The Committee of Public Rescue was established. He was headed by Robespierre. Authorities were sent to all parts of the country to act on the ground. All the forces of the Jacobins were thrown on the reflection of intervention and the solution of economic problems. For the speculation, the death penalty was imposed, grain and grain were forcibly seized, and firm prices were fixed for the most important products.

In a short time due to decisive actionJacobins managed to create a battle-worthy French army and to eliminate the threat of intervention. Economic reforms did not improve the situation. Among the Jacobins themselves, a split began. The bourgeoisie was unhappy with tough politics, the people demanded further reforms. Robespierre, trying to keep power in the country with the help of terror, soon became himself a victim. He and his closest associates were executed in 1794. After that the dictatorship of the Jacobins fell.

Conclusion

The word has one more meaning. The Jacobin is a freethinker or a man who thinks in a revolutionary way. In the XVIII-XIX centuries, this word was quite popular. At present, it is rarely used.