Unchanged prefixes: spelling rule

What are unchanged prefixes and what are they?are different from mutable? You will find the answer to this question in the materials of this article. In addition, we present to your attention several examples of the use of such morphemes.

general information

Before describing what constants are unchanged, a definition of this part of the word should be given.

Prefix, or prefix (in translation fromLatin praefixus means "attached in front") is the part of the word that stands before the root. It should be specially noted that there can be several such morphemes (from 1 to 3). For example: in-from-to-hide and others.

Features of Russian consoles

Most consoles in Russian coincide in form, and sometimes in meaning, with prepositions or particles. Let's give some examples:

roadless, that is without a road;
from underfoot, that is, from under the forehead;
verbal, that is, from the verb;
unrevealed - not to appear.

Types of consoles

In Russian there are unchangeable prefixes, mutable and foreign language. As for the latter, they are borrowed, which are in the sense of:

very (archi-);
under (sub-);
not (anti-);
all (pan-);
against (counter-);
through (trans-) and so forth.

Unchangeable consoles

Particular attention during the study of consolesgive it is unchangeable. With what it is connected, we will consider below. Now your attention will be presented to all such prefixes, as well as words with unchanged prefixes:

Before- (reach, guess).
ABOUT- (halt).
Pro- (blank).
By- (Compound, believe, rely, cut).
Pra- (applies only to special meanings, for example, in the sense of kinship: great-grandfather, mother tongue, great-grandmother, etc.).
Behind- (prisoner).
On- (overtake).
Over-, in some cases it is necessary- (crack, bite, break, inscribe).
Sub-, in some cases sub- (hint).
In some cases, the device is used in the following words: to cut, to cut, to bypass, to wipe).
Pre- (predecessor).
From-, in some cases oto- (this prefix is used in words: move, rest, give, open).
B-, in some cases, in- (this prefix is used in the following words: cling, grasp, draw, embroider).
Re- (pour, hum, skew).
C-, in some cases co (this prefix is used in the following words: to get off, to move, to become friends, to save, to surrender, to bend, to make).

It should be specially noted that in most people the spelling of the unchangeable prefixes c- and co is very doubtful, especially in such words as here, not zgi, building, local, health.

The initial letter of the listed lexical unitsstands for "h". What is the reason for this rule? Unchanged prefixes, which were presented above, are not in vain called such. After all, they are written in the same way, regardless of the sound in a particular situation. And, as you dare to notice, the prefixes are not among them. And, in general, there is no such prefix in Russian. This is confirmed by the fact that in words here, not zgi, building, here and health The letter "z" enters the root, and is not a prefix. That's why most teachers recommend to remember their spelling, and not try to use any rules to them.

Let's sum up the results

Now you know that the unchangeable on the letterThe prefix is a prefix that is written uniformly. In other words, regardless of its position in a word, it must be used as described above.

If you remember, all listed are unchangeableprefixes, then it will be quite easy for you to create a literate text. After all, for the correct writing of these morphemes, there is no need to search for the necessary rules, to select words that are as close as possible to meaning, to determine the voiced or the deaf vowel,

But in order to remember all these prefixes,you will need a lot of time. After all, they are not so little. To facilitate this task, it is recommended to proceed as follows: each attachment fixed in the letter is fixed in a separate cell of the table, which you want to draw on a separate sheet. In the second column (opposite each prefix), you need to write a couple of examples - in order to make them much easier to remember. Several times using this table during the creation of any text, you can use non-replaceable consoles, without making mistakes.

Other types of consoles

As mentioned above, apart from the unchangeableset-top boxes, there are also mutable and foreign languages in Russian. The latter should also be remembered. It is not difficult to do this, as there are not many of them. As for the variable prefixes, in this case there are great difficulties. After all, they obey special rules, which are quite numerous.

So, to changeable consoles are the following: no- / no-, roses / ros-, s- / all-, ra- / ra-, up- / down- / down-, out- / out, through- (through -) / trans- ( interlaced). Such prefixes are called alternating by "c" and "z". How to use them while writing a letter can be understood from the following rule:

In such prefixes the letter "з" is applied beforevoiced consonants, namely before x, c, m, b, z, d, d, d, d, d. As for the letter "c", it is used before deaf consonants, that is before m, n, c, f, k, x, w, uh, u. Let's give some examples: to descend / descend, illiterate / incomparable, to erect / resurrect, divide / paint and so forth.

Also to the changeable consoles include raz- (raz-) / roz (-ros), pra- / pro-, pre- / pr. They obey the following rules:

In the prefixes of ra- (ra-) / roz (-ros), the letter s is written in the stressed syllable, and in the non-stressed position the letter "a" is written.
In the prefixes of the right- / is the letter "a", if there is a prescription. In other cases, the letter "o" is written.
In the prefixes pre- / insert the letter "e", ifthere is a meaning "through", "very", "differently", "very" (that is, close to pere-). The letter "and" is used if there is a value of joining, proximity, approximation, bringing the action to an end, incomplete action or concomitant action.