Quantitative numerals and ordinal numbers: use

In Russian there are a huge number of rules,which are incomprehensible not only to foreigners, but also to people born in this country. Most often in schoolchildren and adults cause a lot of questions about the rules of using quantitative and ordinal numerals. However, everything is not as scary as it might seem at first glance. Having studied the most important rules for the use of certain parts of speech, you can quickly understand all the intricacies of this issue.

general information

First of all it is worth remembering thatNumerals represent independent significant parts of the speech of the Russian language. By and large this is a separate group of words that are formed according to their own rules. Proceeding from this, they are divided into:

• Grammatical meaning. This means that these parts of speech can denote numbers, numbers, and also used in an account. In this case, this group of words are those that answer questions such as: "How much?" or "Which?"
• Signs of morphology. In this case, they are divided into quantitative numerals and ordinal numerals, as well as additional: simple and composite. In addition, there is a category of mutable words, in which endings change according to the case used, but there are exceptions here.
• Syntactic role. In this case, the quantitative numeral acts as a single whole with the noun used. For example: "Two glasses stood in the kitchen." In addition, quantitative numerals can play the role of a definition or be part of a composite predicate. For example: "Their place in the third row."

Category by value

These parts of speech are divided into quantitativeordinal and fractional numerals. However, by and large there are only two groups. Fractional refers to the numerical numerals. Therefore, it is worth considering this issue in more detail. The fact is that often people confuse quantitative collective and ordinal numbers. Although they belong to different categories.

Cardinal numbers

Based on the name, it is easy to guess that these parts of speech denote "number" and "quantity". In turn, they are:

• Whole. In this case, we are talking about numbers that represent the number of integer values.
• Fractional. Such numerals are incomplete numbers.
• Collective. In this case, a quantitative population is expressed.

All these categories of numerals differ in their peculiarities in the formation of parts of speech. For example, integers can create a fractional mixed view. A good example: two second and five ninth.

Ordinals

These parts of speech are words that determine the order of the account. For example: the second, the twelfth, the one hundred and first, and so on.

In this case, there are no subcategories.

Quantitative and ordinal numerals: examples

If the formation of different types is incomprehensible from the first time, it is worth considering their features in more detail. Examples will help to better understand the education system of these categories.

So, in order to understand the spelling of quantitative and ordinal numerals, it's easiest to consider them in the categories described above:

• If we are talking about integers, then they are formed according to the example: two, twelve, fifty, etc.
• When forming fractional numbers, they are used in the form: two-fourths, three-sixths.
• If it is a collective category, then parts of the speech will look like: three, five, six.

In addition, quantitative numerals andordinal numerals have their own peculiarities in word formation. If we are talking about words that denote integers, then the change is due to suffixes. This means that you can make another part of speech from one group. For example, in order to convert quantitative numerals into ordinal numbers, it is enough only to modify the last part of the word: six - sixth, seven - seventh, thirty - thirtieth.

Nevertheless, it should be borne in mind that such ordinal numbers as "first" and "second" are an exception. So you just need to remember.

Declination of quantitative and ordinal numbers

As is known, cases are widely used in the Russian language, of which there are six. When declining ordinal numbers, only the last digit changes (if there are several of them). For example:

• Nominative case: twenty-fifth, one thousand six hundred and thirteenth.
• Genitive: twenty-fifth, one thousand six hundred and thirteenth.
• The dative: the twenty-fifth, the thousand six hundred and thirteenth.
• Accusative: twenty-fifth, one thousand six hundred and thirteenth.
• Twenty fifth, one thousand six hundred and thirteenth.
• Proposal: (o) twenty-fifth, (o) one thousand six hundred and thirteenth.

If we are talking about cases, then quantitativeNumerical and ordinal numerals are really very different in education. In the case of the first category, each word will change. Let us consider the case endings of quantitative numbers:

• Nominative case: eight, twenty-six.
• Genitive: eight, twenty-six.
• Dative: eight, twenty-six.
• Accusative: eight, twenty-six.
• Dictatory: eight, twenty-six.
• Proposal: (o) eight, (o) twenty six.

Important to remember

Considering the names of numerals (quantitative and ordinal), it is worth paying attention to some exceptions. These exceptions to the rules should be simply remembered:

• If you want to use words such as "one hundred","forty" and "ninety", they will have one kind in the nominative and genitive cases. In all other cases "hundred", "forty" and "ninety" are used. For example, it would be more correct to say: "he went with a hundred rubles in his pocket," and not: "he went with the hundred."
• If we are talking about the numeral "one and a half", then the word can change only depending on the gender. That is, it will be correct to say: one and a half apples (male and middle genus) and one and a half plums (feminine gender).

Rules to be aware of

There are many nuances in grammar. Therefore, it will also be useful to learn the rules about quantitative and ordinal numbers:

• It is more correct to say: "how many hours (hours) the store operates." In this case, the stress is placed on the letter "o".
• Today, very often you can hear "two thousandyear. "In fact, this is wrong, the same goes for the expression" two thousand and seventeenth year. "It's correct to say only:" two thousand and seventeen year. "
• The ordinal numeral endings change in the same way as in the case of ordinary adjectives.

How numerals are syntactically combined with nouns

If we are talking about the quantitative parts of speech, then in the nominative and genitive cases they are put only in the form of R. n. That is: seven letters, sixteen cups, thirty people.

It is worth noting that such words as"three", "one and a half", "four" and "two" are used only with nouns, which should be placed in the singular, and all others - with the plural. For example: three glasses - five glasses, two pillars - fifteen pillars, four girls - fifty girls.

In all other situations with a combination of noun and numeral, everything depends on the case.

The only exception is the numeral "one", since it, regardless of the case ending, must be consistent only with the noun.

If we are talking about fractional "one hundred and fifty" orone and a half, they are consistent with the noun in the same way as integers. For example: one and a half apples. The remaining fractional numerals must be used in the genitive case. Nouns can be in units. h or many h. For example: three fifth apples (if we are talking about a specific object) and two fifth apples (if we mean the total number of certain items).

Also do not forget about the collectivenumerals. When used with nouns, the same rules apply as in the use of quantitative parts of speech. This means that in the nominative and accusative cases they change the form of the noun in R. n. In other cases, standard agreement occurs.

In addition, it is worth considering that when weuse the collective numeral "both", the noun can only have the form of a unit. h. For example: both dogs, both starlings. In all other cases, they are used in the plural. For example: seven students.

Ordinal numbers, as notedpreviously, when agreed with nouns, are formed in the same way as words that answer the question "what". For example: the first semester, the eighth cup, the ninth lesson.

Also, many people are interested in whether the word "thousand" refers to numerals or is it still a noun. According to modern dictionaries, 1000 can refer to many parts of speech.

This means that the word can be used as inas a numeral, and in the form of a noun. Therefore, in that and in another case, it will be used correctly. However, it all depends on the word that comes after the "thousand". For example: "with every thousand rubles." In this case, it has the form of a noun. But if we say "a thousand people", then the numeral is implied.

Knowing why quantitative and ordinalnumerals are used in one form or another, you can begin to speak more competently. The main thing is to remember the basic rules. Of course, there are some nuances in this matter, but both a high school student and an adult can understand them.