Evgeny Bogarne: brief biography

Eugene Beauharnais, whose biography will be examined in the article, is the stepson of Napoleon Bonaparte, the vice-king of Italy, the general, the prince of Leuchtenberg. He was born in Paris on September 3, 1781.

Origin of Eugene Beauharnais

As you might guess, from noble nobilitykind happened to Eugene Beauharnais. His photo in those distant times was not possible, but the story left us a whole series of portraits, one of which is presented above. Alexander de Beauharnais, his father, was a Viscount, a native of the Martinique Island (colony of France, located in the Caribbean Sea). Even when he was a young officer, Alexander married Josephine's Creole. After a while he became a general and a prominent figure in the revolution, but was arrested on the denunciation and died on the guillotine. By this time, Evgeny was just 13 years old. Arrested and Josephine, and her son was sent to the artisan's family for re-education.

Study in a military school

July 28, 1794 the Thermidorian coup took place. He led to the fact that the Jacobin dictatorship was overthrown. Josephine thanks to this was at large, and Eugene began to study at the Saint Germain Military School.

Evgeny's mother in 1796. she married Napoleon Bonaparte, who at that time was the general of the French Republic. In the same year, after graduating from the military school, our hero became the adjutant of Bonaparte. The photo above shows two portraits - Napoleon and Josephine.

Evgeny accompanies Napoleon in campaigns

When the general went to the Italian campaign (1796-1797), Eugene was irresponsible with him. He also accompanied him during the Egyptian expedition (1798-99).

Eugene Beauharne was one of the participantsheld on November 9, 1799, the coup of the Eighteenth Brumaire. As a result, the Directory lost its power. There was a new provisional government headed by Napoleon Bonaparte, now a consul. Eugene also served in his guards, where he was captain of mounted horsemen. In the photo above - Eugene Beauharnais on horseback.

Career advancement

In 1800, Eugene took part in the militarycampaign, which France organized in northern Italy against the Austrians. At the end of the battle of Marengo (the so-called village located in northern Italy), Eugene was awarded the rank of colonel. A few years later, in 1804, he became a brigadier general.

In 1804 the coronation of Napoleon took place, inthe time of which Bogarne received the title of State Chancellor. Eugene also earned the honorary title, becoming the prince of the French Empire. However, these awards did not bring real power to Bogarne. The title and title he received were only of an honorable character.

Evgeny becomes viceroy. Marriage on Agnes Amalia

Napoleon in 1805 created the Italiankingdom. He became king, and Bogarne - vice-king. It is known that at one time (in 1806) Bonaparte even wanted to declare Eugene as his heir. To this end, he adopted him. Thus, Yevgeny's status rose. He has now become a monarchical person. Thanks to this our hero married in the same year (at the request of Napoleon). His wife was the daughter of the King of Bavaria, Agnes Amalia (1788-1851).

In 1807, Bonaparte made Evgenia heir to the Italian throne. He was given the title of Prince of Venice.

Eugene on the Italian throne

Eugene Beauharne was not an experienced administrator. Therefore, being the ruler of Italy, he surrounded himself with a multitude of Italian advisers. During his reign, the administration and the court (in the image of France) were transformed, and the army was also improved. However, the sending of troops and financial payments, conducted by Eugene at the request of Bonaparte, provoked discontent among the local population.

When Beauharnais became ruler of Italy, he wasonly 24 years old. However, he managed to lead the state quite firmly. The army was reorganized, the Civil Code was introduced. The country was equipped with fortifications, canals and schools. Despite some discontent, inevitable in the difficult matter of governing the state, on the whole it can be said that he managed to earn the respect and love of his people.

Participation in the Napoleonic Wars

Bogarne participated in virtually all wars,which led Napoleon. In the Austrian campaign (1809) he was the commander of the Italian troops. The outcome of the battle in the city of Salice (in Italy) was unsuccessful. The victory was won by Archduke John Habsburg. However, despite this, Eugene managed to reverse the course of events. He defeated John a few defeats first in Italy, and then in Austria. Bogarne won a victory in Hungary, important for the French. It is about the battle of Raab (today it is the city of Gyor in Hungary). After that, he distinguished himself in the decisive battle at Wagram (now this village, located in Austria).

Napoleon summoned Bogarne from Italy in 1812. He was to become the commander of the fourth corps of the now French army. Eugene participated in the war of 1812, where he distinguished himself in the battles of Ostrovno (today it is an agro-town located in Byelorussia), near Borodino, Smolensk, Vyazma, Marojaroslavets, Vilno (now Vilnius, Lithuania), Krasny.

Evgenie Bogarne and Savva Storozhevsky

Many miracles are associated with the Monk SavvaStorozhevsky. One of them is considered to be his appearance to Eugene Bogarne in 1812, during the capture of Moscow by the French. Savva convinced Eugene not to destroy the monastery, which is in Zvenigorod. In return, he promised that Eugene Beauharnais would return to his homeland unhindered. Sawa kept his word - the prophecy of the Monk really came true.

Reflection of the Austrian attack

After Napoleon left Russia withMarshal Joachim Murat, Bogarne commanded the remnants of the army of the French. He led the troops to Magdeburg (today it is a German city). After the Battle of Lutzen (a city in Germany), held in 1813, Eugene on the orders of Bonaparte was sent to Italy. He had to ensure its protection against the attack of Austrian troops. It is believed that the military actions of the Beauharnais in Italy, in the campaign of 1813-14, are the peak of the commanding skill. Only thanks to Murat's treachery the Austrians managed to avoid total defeat.

The fate of Beauharnais after the abdication of Napoleon from the throne

In 1814 (April 16) Napoleon abdicatedthe throne. After this, Bogarne, the viceroy of Italy, concluded a truce and went to Bavaria. Bogarne became the peer of France in June 1815. The Congress of Vienna, held in 1814-1815, decided to give him 5 million francs as compensation for the Italian possessions. For this money, Maximilian-Joseph, the Bavarian king and father-in-law of Beauharnais, yielded to him the principality of Eichstett and the land plot of Leichtenberg, which formed the duchy of Leuchtenberg. The title and duchy were to be inherited by the descendants of Eugene (by birthright, and other descendants were given titles of the most brilliant princes).

Evgenie Beauharne in recent years has retired frompoliticians. He decided to move to Munich, where he settled with his father-in-law. The first attack of the disease struck Bogarne in the beginning of 1823. It happened in Munich. The shaken health of Eugene caused a great public response. Almost in all the churches in Munich for six weeks, prayer services were arranged to grant him recovery. This clearly demonstrates how much people loved him.

The disease receded for a time. Doctors prescribed Eugene treatment on the waters. However, by the end of the year, Bogarne's condition worsened again. He began to suffer from frequent headaches. On February 21, 1824, he died of an apoplexy stroke. Expressed in modern language, Yevgeny had a second stroke.

There are, however, other versions of its causesof death. For example, historian D. Seward believes that Bogarne was cancer-stricken. The funeral of Eugene was grandiose. After his death, all of Bavaria was covered with mourning ribbons. Evgeny Bogarne, whose brief biography was examined by us, died at the age of 42 years. His name is engraved on the Triumphal Arch, which is located on Sq. The stars in Paris, the grand opening of which took place in 1836.

Main awards

Eugene was awarded many awards. In 1805 he received the Order of the Legion of Honor, Iron Crown and St. Hubert of Bavaria. In 1811, Eugene Beauharnais was awarded the large cross of the Order of St. Stephen. And these are just his main rewards.

Children of Evgeny

The wife of Agnes Amalia bore sixchildren: the sons of Karl-Augustus and Maximilian and daughters Josephine, Eugene, Amalie and Theodolind. Josephine, the eldest daughter, became the wife of the King of Sweden Oscar I, who was the son of Bernadotte, the former marshal of Napoleon. Evgenia married Prince FV Hohenzollern-Ehringen. The Emperor of Brazil Pedro I married his daughter Bogarne Amalia. Theodolina became the wife of Duke Urach Wilhelm Würtenberg.

The fate of the sons of Eugene Beauharnais

Karl-Augustus, the eldest son of Eugene Bogarne, becameDuke of Leuchtenberg after the death of his father. In 1835 he married Mary II and Gloria, a 16-year-old Portuguese queen from the Braganza dynasty. However, in the same year, Karl-August died.

Maximilian, the youngest son, inherited the titleDuke of Leuchtenberg from his deceased brother. In 1839 he married Mary Nikolaevna, the daughter of Nicholas I (her portrait is presented above). Since that time, Maximilian lived in Russia. He was the head of the Mining Institute, president of the Academy of Arts, conducted research in the field of electrotype. It was he who established the electroplating plant in St. Petersburg, as well as the hospital. Nicholas I after the death of Maximilian decided to sell his possessions in Bavaria, and his children became members of the Russian imperial family. They were granted the title of princes of the Romanovs. Thus, in the history of Russia, representatives of the family, whose father was Eugene Beauharnais, left their mark. Orthodoxy has become their new religion.