Results of the revolution of 1905-1907. The first Russian revolution of 1905-1907.

The power that was in the hands of oneEmperor, ceased to organize a multi-million empire. The discontent engendered by many problems, both in political and social spheres, grew into a revolution. The worries grew. The monarch could no longer cope with the situation. He had to compromise, which became the beginning of the end of the empire.

Internal preconditions for the revolution

Residents of a huge state were unhappyconditions of their residence and work on many issues. Revolution of 1905-1907 years. embraced all the estates of Russia. What exactly could unite people from different social groups and ages?

1. The peasants had almost no rights. Despite the fact that this group of the population was the majority of the inhabitants of the Russian Empire (70%), they were begging and starving. This situation highlighted the agrarian question.
2. The supreme power did not seek to limit its powers and carry out a number of liberal reforms. At that time, the ministers of Svyatopolk-Mir and Witte put forward their projects for consideration.
3. The working question also remained acute. Representatives of the working class complained that there was no one to take care of their interests. The state did not interfere in the relationship between the subordinate and the employer. Entrepreneurs often used this and created favorable only for themselves conditions of work and payment. As a result, the revolution in Russia has set itself the goal to solve this.
4. The discontent of the inhabitants of the empire, in whose territorythere were 57% of non-Russian citizens, increased due to the unresolved national issue. Forcible russification was not as calm as the authorities imagined.

As a result, a small spark instantlyturned into a flame that swept the remotest corners of the empire. A significant role was played by treason from some high-ranking military officials. They provided revolutionaries with weapons and tactical recommendations and determined the outcome of the case, even before the outbreak of popular unrest.

External causes of the revolution

The main external cause was the defeat of the empirein the Russo-Japanese War in 1904. Failures at the front gave rise to dissatisfaction with the part of the population that had hoped for a successful outcome of the military operations - soldiers, their relatives.

According to the unofficial version, Germany was very much afraid of Russia's growing power, so she sent spies who harassed the local population and spread rumors that the West would help everyone.

Bloody Sunday

The main event, which shook the public foundations, is considered to be a peaceful demonstration on Sunday, January 9, 1905. Later this Sunday will be called "bloody".

Peaceful demonstration of peasants and workers led bypriest and active public figure George Gapon. The protesters planned to arrange a personal meeting with Nicholas II. They were heading for Winter. In total, about 150,000 people gathered in the center of the then capital. Nobody expected that a revolution in Russia would begin.

The officers came out to meet the workers. They began to demand that the protesters stop. But the demonstrators did not obey. The officers began to fire weapons to disperse the crowd. The military, who did not have guns, beat people with sabers and whips. That day, 130 people were killed and 299 injured.

The king during all these events was not even in the city. He prudently left with his family from the palace.

Society could not forgive the tsarist authorities suchnumber of innocently murdered citizens. Together with the priest Gapon, who survived that Sunday, plans began to be prepared to overthrow the monarchy.

The words "Down with autocracy!" Were heard everywhere. Revolution of 1905-1907 years. became a reality. In Russian cities and villages skirmishes began.

The Rebellion on the Potemkin

One of the turning points of the revolution was a mutinyon the largest Russian battleship - "Prince Potemkin Taurian". The uprising took place on June 14, 1905. The crew of the battleship numbered 731 people. Among them there were 26 officers. The crew members closely communicated with the workers at the shipyards. From them they adopted the idea of ​​strikes. But the team began to take decisive action only after they were served with rancid meat for lunch.

This became the main point of reference. During the strike, six officers were killed, and the rest were placed in custody. The team of Potemkin fed on breadcrumbs and water, standing under the red flag for 11 days in the open sea, after which they surrendered to the authorities of Romania. Their example was adopted on "George Pobedonostse", and later - on the cruiser "Ochakov".

Culmination

Certainly, the outcome of the revolution of 1905-1907to foresee at that time was impossible. But when in the fall of 1905 a massive All-Russian strike took place, the emperor was forced to listen to the people. Its printers began, but the workers from other trade unions supported it. The government issued a decree saying that some political freedoms were now granted. Also, the emperor gave kindness to the creation of the State Duma.

The granted freedoms suited the Mensheviks and Socialist-Revolutionaries, who took part in strikes. For them, at that time, the revolution was over.

RSDLP

The revolution was just beginning for the radicals. In December of the same year, the members of the RSDLP organized an uprising with weapons on the streets of Moscow. At this stage, the outcome of the revolution of 1905-1907. replenished also with the published law on elections to the first State Duma.

Having achieved active actions from the authorities, taking them into the outcome of the revolution of 1905-07, the representatives of the workers' party no longer wanted to stop. They expected the results of the work of the State Duma.

Activity decline

Period from 1906 to the first half of 1907is characterized by relative calm. The State Duma, which mainly included the Cadets, began to work, becoming the main legislative body. In February 1907, a new State Duma was created, the second, consisting almost entirely of the left. She was dissatisfied, and after only three months of work the Duma was dismissed.

The strikes also continued regionally, but the monarch's power was significantly strengthened by that time.

Results of the Revolution of 1905-07

The first revolution ended not so radical changes, which were sought by representatives of radical workers. The monarch remained in power.

Nevertheless, the main results of the Russian revolution1905-1907 years can be called significant and fateful. They not only summed up the absolute power of the emperor, but also forced to draw the attention of millions to the appalling state of the economy, the belated technical progress and the underdevelopment of the army of the Russian Empire in comparison with other states.

The results of the revolution of 1905-1907 can be summarizedto characterize by several points. Each of them became a symbol of victory over the power of the empire. Nicholas II managed to retain power in his hands, effectively losing control of the army and navy.

The summary results of the revolution of 1905-1907: table

Requirements:	Actions of the authorities
Limit absolute monarchy	Creation of the first in the history of the Russian Empire State Duma; political parties began to form.
Protect workers' rights	Workers were allowed to form trade unions, cooperatives, insurance companies that protect their rights
To abolish the violent Russification of the population	The national policy towards the peoples living in the Russian Empire softened
Give workers and peasants more freedom	Nikolay II signed a document on freedom of assembly, words and conscience
Allow editions of alternative newspapers and magazines	The seal "Union October 17" was allowed
Assistance to peasants	The peasants received certain freedoms, and zemstvo chiefs were forbidden to fine them or inflict corporal punishment; the rent for land was reduced several times.
Improve working conditions	The working day was reduced to 8 hours

Here in short, we can characterize the events of 1905-1907. and their consequences.