Hyperbola in the Russian language. Examples and features

Literature is rich in artistic meansexpressiveness, which help authors to best convey their thoughts to the reader. So, when studying classics, students look for epithets, comparisons, personifications and try to figure out why the writer used this or that method. To the number of artistic means is also the hyperbola, which we will consider.

Definition

Consider what a hyperbola, examples of whichwill be given below. This is a special artistic device, deliberate exaggeration, which allows to achieve the effect necessary for the author. The term is very ancient, the reception began to be used in the era of antiquity. To express the hyperbole language means are used: words, combinations of words and sentences.

The simplest examples

Hyperbole is widely used in Russian. Examples will show that we often use this technique, even without paying attention. For example, the words "I've told you a thousand times!". In this case, "a thousand times" - this is an exaggeration, because the author of the statement, firstly, hardly spoke anything so many times. Secondly, she did not consider the number of her repetitions. Another example of hyperbole in Russian: "We have not seen each other for a hundred years". Here we are talking about the fact that people did not meet for a long period of time, but certainly not for a hundred years.

Having said that he has a million problems, a personwill emphasize that he now has a black band in his life, and there is no clear quantitative description of the problems. There are many similar examples:

• "There are a hundred reasons why I'm still striving to get an education."
• "Grandfather has a thousand sores, and he still works in the garden."
• "You will not believe, I saw such a big man yesterday. Not a man, but an elephant. " Here the hyperbola is connected to the comparison element. A person is likened to an elephant by weight parameter.
• "Sit, work, earn a million!". This example clearly sounds ironic. The speaker greatly exaggerates the opportunities for earning his opponent, mocking him with a joke.
• "You say that Masha did not go to college? Yes it is known to everyone! "The example presents a lexical hyperbole, exaggeration is achieved due to the phrase" known to all. " It is clear that this is not so, because residents of another city may not know about the Machine problems, and they do not interest them.

Often, without paying attention, we use hyperbole. Examples in the Russian language, given above, illustrated this idea.

Varieties

There are several types of hyperbole in Russian:

• Lexical. Exaggeration is achieved by using the words "absolutely", "all", "absolutely". For example, a completely useless person, this has long been known to everyone.
• Metaphorical. This is a memorable comparison. For example, a forest of hands, golden mountains.
• Phraseological. Use of stable combinations of words. For example, a goat is understandable.
• Quantitative. Use of numbers: a million cases, thousands of ideas.

All these types of exaggeration can be used by native speakers unconsciously, not perceiving as an artistic and stylistic device.

Modern options

Young people often use hyperbole in their speech. Examples can be given in the Russian language:

• "We have already passed 100500 times! Is it really difficult to remember? "
• "We still have a car and a small time truck, we'll do everything."

Such statements make it possible to make the speech more imaginative and expressive.

Of the works of art

Often, writers use hyperbole. Examples from the literature are quite diverse. So, very often this approach was addressed by Pushkin: "All flags will be visited by us".

Esenin used the exaggeration when creating the image of Russia: "Do not see the end and the edge, only blue sucks the eyes."

There are hyperboles in Mayakovsky's lyrics:

• "In the battle I glorify millions, I see millions, millions sing."
• The "Cloud in the Pants" poem ends in a very interesting way, based on the admission of exaggeration: "Hey, you! Sky! Take off your hat! I'm coming! ". This helps the poet express the strength and power of the human personality.
• Often the poet exaggerates the dimensions of the human body, creating a capacious and sharp satirical image: "Two arshins of the face-less pink dough, head to Kazbek, stomach to the ditch."

There are several interesting examples of hyperbole in Russian, when exaggeration refers to inanimate objects: to the sky baobabs, a sting in a kilometer.

Often, for the effect of exaggeration, the poet useswords in a figurative sense: a block, carcass. Or combinations of words that individually do not have this property, but put together create hyperbolization: glasses-bicycles, eyes two meadows.

An example of hyperbole from literature can also be found in the work of other writers: "wide trousers, width from the Black Sea" (Gogol), "we have prepared a run for four years, we have saved three tons of groceries" (Vysotsky).

We examined what a hyperbola is, and examples of ituse of word masters. This method makes it possible to make the speech of writers more imaginative and more expressive, to draw the attention of the reader to some property or feature of the described object or person. It was also deliberate exaggeration often helped the author express his attitude to what is happening.