A suffering voice in English
The passive voice is common in manylanguages of the world. In the subordinate clause with passive construction, the grammatical subject expresses the theme or patient of the semantic verb, in other words, the thing or person is exposed to action. In linguistics it is customary to identify the properties of the predicate argument in terms of semantic roles (agents, patients). He contrasts with the active construction, in which the subject performs the role of an agent.
Understand what a passive voice inEnglish (Passive Voice), is simple enough, knowing what is the real voice (Active Voice). Its general definition: the subject of the verb produces an action - an agent (acting). For example: "Our dog has puppies", "Something happened".
Passive Voice is formed by verbal forms,meeting two requirements. First, there must be a participle of the past (the love, given, etc.). Secondly, the actor performs an excellent semantic role, not the same as in Active Voice.
Here are a few examples that will show how the passive construction works.
A valid security deposit: Antonio loves Amy. Antonio has the semantic role of the experimenter (participant in the situation that acts as the bearer of the senses). Amy, the source of Antonio's emotions, is the role of the stimulus.
The sorrowful construction will look likeas follows: Amy is loved by Antonio. The first criterion is the past participle of the past. The subject "Amy" in this case, but it still acts as an incentive. Thus, the subordinate clause meets both requirements - the past participle and the subject of the action, connected with the role that is different than in the actual pledge.
Another example: "We gave Brett lots of gifts". The subject (subject) "We" plays the role of an agent. The "Brett", an indirect complement, the role of the recipient (recipient). Direct addition - "many gifts" - the patient (the object of action). In the passive voice, the past participle of the past is "given", and the subject, who plays some other role, besides the agent: "Lots of gifts were given to Brett" (the patient as the subject). "Brett was given lots of gifts" (the subject acts as a recipient).
Enith Brigitha is swimming. The adverbial sentence is in the real voice (subject to "Enit Brigita" - agent). We can not make him a passive pledge, since there is no other role than the role of an agent to put the past participle of the "swum" side by side.
Alan Roscoe died. There is also no way to convert the real into a passive voice. The subject realizes only one semantic role for the verb (the role of the patient).
In these examples, "Amy is loved by Antonio";"Brett was given lots of gifts," the past participle follows the auxiliary verb "be" in the appropriate form. Nevertheless, even though they are built according to the rule, but they do not quite explain the typical examples of the formation of the passive voice. For example, there are passive liens that use the verb "get": "Bruce got caught".
Another example, when the form "be" is not used - "We had the house painted last summer". The past participle of the "painted" describes "the house", but the house does not make a painting, it is a painted object.
In Active Voice, the subject is the performer of the action. Passive Voice focuses on the phenomenon (incident), not on who (or what) performed it. Passive Voice is also used: when we do not want to take responsibility for something; when we want to avoid the use of "undetermined subjects".
Passive voice - a beautiful grammatical form, enoughDistributed in English for objective reasons. The grammatical structure of the English language is characterized in fact by the complete absence of cases, and therefore the place of complementation in the sentence becomes particularly important.
A striking voice in Russian is used only with transitive verbs with direct complement, in English all verbs accepting any general complement can be used.
Supplement with the preposition "by" is used then,when it is necessary to say about the manufacturer of the action. Supplement with the pretext "with" - when it is necessary to say about the instrument by which the action is performed.
