The agrarian revolution is ... Agrarian revolutions in world history
Agriculture - the most important branch of the economyany country. It not only provides the population with the necessary food, but also reflects the overall level of technical progress of a state, incorporating the best achievements of science and technology. In this article we will talk about what an agrarian revolution is and what its main features are. In addition, you will learn how many of them were in the history of our civilization.
The agrarian revolution is ...
It turns out that their revolutions are characteristic of agriculture. And the essence of them does not differ from the revolutions that occur in the socio-political life of mankind.
The agrarian revolution is a combinationrapid and profound changes taking place in the agrarian complex. This phenomenon is also often called an agrarian coup. It should be emphasized that such revolutions are usually very short in time.
The main condition of the agrarian revolution is the establishment of stable capitalist production relations. In addition, we can distinguish other features (conditions) of the agrarian revolution. Among them:
- transition to commodity production;
- consolidation of rural enterprises and liquidation of small farms;
- the concentration of land among large landowners;
- the emergence of hired labor;
- increase in the volume of products;
- implementation of reclamation and other measures;
- the breeding of new varieties of crops or breeds of animals with the best productive qualities;
- use of new and modern technology.
For agrarian revolutions there will always be a characteristicintensification of agriculture. By this term is meant an increase in the final output not at the expense of increasing the areas of land or livestock, but by modernizing all processes, introducing the latest achievements of science and technology into agrarian matters.
Agrarian revolutions in history
Of course, each agrarian revolution has its own specific features, according to the time it passed. Historians identify four such revolutions:
- Neolithic (occurred 10,000 years ago);
- Islamic (X century);
- British (XVIII century);
- "green" revolution (the twentieth century).
Neolithic Agrarian Revolution These are processes that were accompanied by a transitionman from gathering to plant growing, from hunting to livestock. It was at this time that the first cultivated varieties of wheat, barley, rice appeared. In the same period, the first attempts to domestate wild animals also occurred. Scientists today allocate about seven main centers of origin of cultivated plants, among which the Middle East is particularly prominent.
Islamic Agrarian Revolution - this is the fundamental changes in the agrarian complexArab Caliphate, which were accompanied by a powerful development of natural and earth sciences. Historians argue that it was in this era that active globalization of key crops took place.
The British Agrarian Revolution dates from the 18th century. Some researchers singled out the Scottish agrarian revolution, which took place at the same time, as a separate item. The British revolution was marked by the active introduction of new technologies, the development of fertilizers, etc. It was closely linked with the so-called scientific and technological revolution.
"Green revolution
The last of the agrarian revolutions began aboutin the middle of the twentieth century. Its main features include the active use of fertilizers and pesticides, the introduction of new varieties of crops and the introduction of new technology.
Scientists believe that the cause, the push of thisThe agrarian revolution is the active growth of the world's population. Thus, in the middle of the last century, the need for food sharply increased, especially in developing countries, where the "green revolution" is most pronounced (Mexico, India, Colombia). Along with this, the active use of fertilizers and pesticides also provoked some environmental problems. The most serious of them is contamination of fertile soils.
Finally...
As history shows, none of the processes in thethe life of society does not pass systematically. And agriculture in this regard is no exception. This industry developed spasmodically, while sharp and significant changes in agriculture are called agrarian revolutions.
