A short biography of Napoleon Bonaparte. Interesting facts from the biography of Napoleon Bonaparte

A brief biography of Napoleon Bonaparte for children andadults, presented in this article, will surely interest you. The name of this great commander has long become a household name not only because of his talent and mind, but also due to incredible ambitions, and also the dizzying career that he managed to make.

Biography of Napoleon Bonaparte is notedthe rapid rise of his military career. Entering the service at the age of 16, he became a general at the age of 24. And the emperor was at the age of 34 Napoleon Bonaparte. Interesting facts from the biography of the French commander are numerous. Among his skills and features were also very extraordinary. They say that he read with incredible speed - about 2 thousand words per minute. In addition, the French emperor Napoleon Bonaparte could sleep for 2-3 hours a day for a long time. Interesting facts from the biography of this man, we hope, have aroused your interest in his personality.

Events in Corsica, preceding the birth of Napoleon

Napoleon Bonaparte, the French emperor,was born on August 15, 1769. He was born on the island of Corsica, in the city of Ajaccio. The biography of Napoleon Bonaparte probably would have been different if the political situation of that time had been different. His native island for a long time was in the possession of the Republic of Genoa, but in 1755 Corsica overthrew the rule of Genoa. After this, for several years it was an independent state ruled by Pasquale Paola, a local landowner. Carlo Buonaparte (his portrait is presented below), the father of Napoleon, served as his secretary.

The Genoa Republic in 1768 has sold France the right to Corsica. A year later, after the local rebels defeated the French troops, Pasquale Paola moved to England. Napoleon himself was not directly involved in these events and even their witness, since he was born only after 3 months. Nevertheless, Paole's personality played a big role in shaping his character. For a long 20 years, this man became the idol of such a French commander as Napoleon Bonaparte. Biography for children and adults Bonaparte, presented in this article, continues with a story about its origin.

The Origin of Napoleon

Letizia Ramalino and Carlo Buonaparte, parentsfuture emperor, were small noblemen. The family had 13 children, of whom the second senior was Napoleon. However, even in his childhood, five of his sisters and brothers died.

The father of the family was one of the ardent supportersindependence of Corsica. He participated in the drafting of the Corsican Constitution. But for the sake of his children to be educated, he began to show loyalty to the French. After a while, Carlo Buonaparte even became representative of the nobility of Corsica in the French parliament.

Education in Ajaccio

It is known that Napoleon, as well as his sisters andbrothers, received a primary education in the city school of Ajaccio. After that, the future emperor began to study mathematics and writing from a local abbot. Carlo Buonaparte as a result of interaction with the French managed to get royal grants for Napoleon and Joseph, his elder brother. Joseph had to make a priest's career, and Napoleon - to become a military man.

Cadet School

The biography of Napoleon Bonaparte continues inOtene. It was here that the brothers left in 1778 to learn French. Napoleon entered the cadet school in Brienne one year later. He excellently studied, showed a special talent in mathematics. In addition, Napoleon liked to read books on various topics - philosophy, history, geography. Favorite favorite characters of the future emperor were Julius Caesar and Alexander of Macedon. However, at that time, Napoleon had few friends. This played a role as Corsican origin and accent (Napoleon and could not get rid of it), and the propensity for solitude and complex character.

Death of the father

Later, he continued his studies at the Royalcadet school. Napoleon early graduated in 1785, when his father died, and he had to take his place as head of the family. The elder brother was not suitable for this role, since he did not differ in leadership inclinations, like Napoleon.

Military career

Napoleon Bonaparte began his military career in Valence. The biography, the summary of which is the subject of this article, continues exactly in this city, located in the center of the Rhone lowland. Here Napoleon served as a lieutenant. After a while he was transferred to Oxonne. The future emperor at that time read a lot, and also tried himself in the literary field.

The military biography of Napoleon Bonaparte, you cansay, received a large scale in the decade that followed the graduation from the Cadet School. In just 10 years, the future emperor was able to complete the hierarchy of ranks in the French army of that time. In 1788, the future emperor tried to enter the service and the Russian army, but he was denied this.

Napoleon met the French Revolution onCorsica, where he was on vacation. He accepted and supported her. Moreover, Napoleon was noted as an excellent commander during the Thermidorian coup. He was made a brigadier general, and then commander of the Italian army.

Marriage of Josephine

An important event in Napoleon's personal life took place in 1796. It was then that he married the widow of the Count Josephine Beauharnais.

The beginning of the "Napoleonic wars"

Napoleon Bonaparte, whose full biographypresented in an impressive volume of books, was recognized as the best French general after having dealt a crushing defeat to the enemy in Sardinia and Austria. It was then that he rose to a new level, beginning the "Napoleonic wars." They lasted almost 20 years, and it was thanks to them that such a general as Napoleon Bonaparte, the biography became known to the whole world. The brief content of the further way to world glory, passed by him, the following.

The French Directory was not able toSave the achievements that the revolution has brought. This became apparent in 1799. Napoleon, along with his army was at this time in Egypt. After his return, he dispersed the Directory with the support of the people. November 19, 1799 Bonaparte proclaimed the regime of the consulate, and five years later, in 1804, declared himself emperor.

Domestic policy of Napoleon

Napoleon Bonaparte, whose biography to thistime has already been marked by many achievements, in its domestic policy decided to focus on strengthening its own power, which was to serve as a guarantee of the civil rights of the French population. In 1804, for this purpose, the Napoleonic Code was adopted - the code of civil rights. In addition, tax reform was implemented, and a French bank owned by the state was established. The French education system was created precisely under Napoleon. Catholicism was recognized as the religion of the majority of the population, but freedom of religion was not abolished.

The economic blockade of England

England was the main enemy of industry andcapital of France in the European market. This country financed military operations against it on the continent. England attracted to its side major European powers, such as Austria and Russia. Thanks to a number of French military operations carried out against Russia, Austria and Prussia, Napoleon was able to annex lands to his country that previously belonged to Holland, Belgium, Italy and Northern Germany. The defeated countries had no choice but to make peace with France. Napoleon declared the economic blockade of England. He banned trade relations with this country. However, this measure also hit the French economy. France could not replace English products on the European market. It was not in a position to foresee Napoleon Bonaparte. A brief biography in the abbreviation should not dwell on this in detail, so we will continue our story.

Decrease in authority, the birth of an heir

The economic crisis and the protracted wars ledto reduce the prestige of Napoleon Bonaparte among the French, who had previously supported him. In addition, it turned out that no one threatens France, and Bonaparte’s ambitions are due only to concern for the state of his dynasty. In order to leave the heir, he divorced Josephine, because she could not give him a child. In 1810, Napoleon married Marie-Louise, daughter of the Emperor of Austria. In 1811, the long-awaited heir was born. However, the public did not approve of marriage with a woman from the Austrian royal family.

War with Russia and reference to the Elbe

In 1812 Napoleon Bonaparte decided to start a war with Russia, whose brief biography is largely due to many of our compatriots. Like other states, Russia at one time supported the blockade of England, but did not seek to observe it. This step was fatal for Napoleon. Having failed, he abdicated the throne. The former French emperor was sent to Elba Island, located in the Mediterranean.

Napoleon's Revenge and Final Defeat

Returned to France after the abdication of Bonaparterepresentatives of the Bourbon dynasty, as well as their heirs, who sought to regain their position and condition. This caused discontent of the population. Napoleon February 25, 1815 fled from the Elbe. He returned to France in triumph. In one article only a very brief biography of Napoleon Bonaparte can be presented. Therefore, we say only that he resumed the war, but France could no longer bear this burden. Napoleon was finally defeated at Waterloo, after 100 days of revenge. This time he was sent into exile to St. Helena, which is much further than before, so it was more difficult to escape from it. Here the former emperor spent the last 6 years of his life. He has never seen his wife and son again.

Death of the former emperor

The state of health of Bonaparte became swiftlyto deteriorate. He died on May 5, 1821, presumably from cancer. According to another version, Napoleon was poisoned. The opinion that the former emperor was given arsenic is very popular. However, did they poison? The fact is that Napoleon was afraid of this and voluntarily took small doses of arsenic, thus trying to develop immunity to it. Of course, such a procedure would certainly have ended in tragedy. Be that as it may, even today it is impossible to say with complete certainty why Napoleon Bonaparte died. A brief biography of it, presented in this article, ends here.

It is necessary to add that he was buried first.on the island of St. Helena, but in 1840 his remains were reburied in Paris, in the House of Invalides. The monument at the grave of the former emperor was made of Karelian porphyry, which Nicholas I, the Russian emperor, presented to the French government.