Novocherkassk, population: number and employment

A small Cossack town in the Rostov region -Novocherkassk, whose population is an indicator of its economic and social stability, are among the major industrial centers of the south of the country. How its inhabitants live, what demographic indicators are characteristic for this settlement - this is the subject of our story.

Geographical position

Novocherkassk is located on a smallelevations between the rivers Aksai and its tributary Tuzlov. The city is located at a distance of 1000 km from the capital of the country, and from the main city of the Rostov-on-Don region it is separated only 30 km. Also in the 30-40-kilometer accessibility is a number of major cities in the region - Shakhty, Novoshakhtinsk, Aksay, Bataisk. The population of the city of Novocherkassk notes convenient transport access to many amenities and benefits of large cities. The total area of ​​the settlement is 100 square meters. km. The soils on which Novocherkassk is located are characterized by a large number of coquina, slate, sandstone. The abundance of groundwater leads to the emergence of large emptiness beneath the urban structures.

History of settlement

Novocherkassk, whose population wewe have a unique history. It was immediately planned and built as a metropolitan city. In 1805, for a number of reasons of economic, political and environmental nature, it was decided to move the capital of the Don Cossacks from Cherkassk to a new location. The former capital was annually flooded, so first of all we were looking for a new location, where such disasters are impossible. The Emperor of the Russian Empire favorably accepted the request for the postponement of the capital and sent to the execution of the decision of the famous town planner General Devolan.

Novocherkassk was planned in the best traditionsEuropean culture. Here were laid wide avenues, boulevards with greenery, spacious squares. Despite the attractiveness of the new capital, the local population was not in a hurry to move, and construction was slow. Therefore, for the first decades the city developed mainly as a place for deployment of military units. Many administrative and public buildings, state housing were built here, and there was almost no private development. Only with the advent of industrial enterprises did the inflow of residents into the city gradually begin, but this process was very slow. During the revolutionary events in the country, a center of white resistance was formed in Novocherkassk, which led to a significant population growth.

In 1920, the city was finally takenthe Bolsheviks. In Soviet times, the settlement develops as a major regional, industrial and scientific center. Then the Cossack past of the city was carefully hushed up, and only in 1993 Novocherkassk was declared the capital of the World Cossacks.

Climate and ecology

Novocherkassk is located in the temperate zonecontinental climate, with a soft, short winter and a long, hot summer. The average annual temperature is about 9 degrees Celsius. Winter in the city begins in December and ends in late February. In January, the coldest month of the year, the thermometer can drop to minus 20-25 degrees, but on average it is around -8. The summer in Novocherkassk starts in May and lasts until the end of September. In August, the thermometer can rise to 40 degrees, but the average summer temperature is +23. In this summer, the population of Novocherkassk, Rostov Region, suffers from an acute shortage of moisture, especially in August. During the year about 60 mm of precipitation falls here, the wettest months are January, February and June.

If the climatic conditions of Novocherkassk as a wholefavorable for living, the ecological situation leaves much to be desired. The city is experiencing great problems in connection with water pollution in rivers, and from here there is a shortage of drinking water. Industry of the region significantly pollutes the soil and air of the city. The administration of Novocherkassk is working to address these problems, but so far, much success in this direction has not been achieved.

Administrative-territorial division and population distribution

The small size of Novocherkassk is the reasonThe fact that there is officially no division into administrative units. But the population of Novocherkassk independently singled out separate parts that have official and unofficial names. So, there are areas of the Center, Oktyabrsky, Molodezhny, Vostochny, Sotsgorodok, Cheryomushki, as well as small parts named Cosmos, Galinka, Hotunka, Novoselovka. Some time ago the city was swallowed up by the Tatarsky farm, which retained its name. The average density of the city's population is 1,329 people per 1 square. km. But the most populated is the center of the city, and the districts Molodezhny, Sotsgorodok, Oktyabrsky are the least favorable, and the residents try to leave from here.

Population dynamics

Counting the population of Novocherkasskbegan with its very foundation. In 1811 there lived 6,7 thousand people. In the first decades of the existence of the settlement, the population growth was poor, a noticeable growth began in the second half of the XIX century. So, in 1863 there lived 18 thousand people, and by the end of the century there are already 50 thousand. Before the revolution, there were about 70,000 people in the city, and after that it dropped to 42. In Soviet times, the population dynamics was positive. By 1989 there were 188,000 people living in the city. But the restructuring led to the beginning of a long period of decline in the number of inhabitants. In some years, the dynamics were positive, but the general trend was negative. Today, the city has 170 thousand people, and the forecasts are still disappointing.

Economy of the city

In Soviet times, Novocherkassk, the populationwhich is closely connected with its economy, becomes a major industrial center. In 1936 an electric locomotive plant was built here, which today is an important enterprise for the region's economy, employing nearly 10,000 people. In the 1950s, a plant for synthetic products was launched in the city. In the best of times up to 3 thousand people worked here. Today the plant is almost stopped, only one shop functions. At the same time, the electrode plant started functioning, which is still one of the largest metallurgical enterprises in the region.

Stability and profitability of the urban economyalso provides an enterprise for the production of oil and gas chemical equipment, several large food and construction companies, two garment factories, social and cultural enterprises. In Novocherkassk there are two universities, about a dozen specialized secondary schools. The volume of production per capita in the city is 67 thousand rubles.

Employment

A large number of stable economicenterprises provides employment for a large number of residents. The employment center of the population (Novocherkassk), where jobs are collected from all enterprises of the city, fixes one of the lowest unemployment rates in the region - only 0.5%. The main vacancies are connected with the shortage of employees of working specialties. But people with higher education, especially young professionals, do not always manage to find a suitable job. The greatest difficulties in finding a place to work are experienced by women under the age of 40 with higher education.

Demographic indicators

Center for Population Employment (Novocherkassk), leadingsociological studies of the demographic indicators of the city, notes that the birth rate is gradually growing, and mortality is declining. But still the indicators are disappointing. There are also problems of migration outflow from the city, which leads to a negative dynamics of the number of residents of the city. On average, the number of townspeople is reduced by 2 thousand people per year. Statistics show that the life expectancy of citizens is gradually increasing, but men show less confident growth in the number of years lived. The ratio of city residents by sex in Novocherkassk generally corresponds to all-Russian trends, for each man there is one woman.

Infrastructure of the city and quality of life

Small Russian cities can not basicallyto compete with large, developed settlements, is not a happy exception and Novocherkassk. The population of the city is experiencing a shortage of major cultural, health, and trade facilities. But this problem is successfully solved by nearby cities. But the difficulties with the purchase of housing, with the employment of young people lead to the fact that graduates of schools and universities often leave the city. Infrastructure is poorly modernized, there are problems with roads. All this reduces, of course, the quality of people's lives and their loyalty to the place.