Architecture of the modern city as a science and art

The architecture of the modern city is shaping upis consonant with the constant development of urban culture, industry, the growth of the productive forces of society. Social and technological progress accelerate and stimulate the further development of old cities and the emergence of new ones.

Architecture of the city: some general information

Urban construction is designed to expandinfrastructure and human living space, create new architectural complexes. Another, no less important, role is the preservation of the historically developed image of the city, the maintenance of its original atmosphere.

The architecture of the modern city includes landscaping. Its purpose is to create and improve conditions for the life of citizens, to conserve natural resources within a certain territory.

Many post-Soviet cities wereTypical projects and therefore still in many ways similar to each other. A uniform Soviet building can be found in every country of the CIS, whether it be Kazakhstan, Armenia or Russia. But there is one city, whose most unique image is dreamed to meet thousands and thousands of people around the world - this is Moscow.

Architecture of Moscow

Moscow is the "center of the world", attractingannually many thousands of tourists. Moscow architecture can be called a kind of historical chronicle, capturing the victories and defeats, sorrows and joys of the whole long life of the capital.

For the capital's architecture is characterized by a mixturestyles, directions and images that has been going on for centuries. All events that take place on the historical scene of the country, somehow reflected in the appearance of our city. The 15th century for a long time captured the stone architecture of the Assumption Cathedral and the Kremlin. The reign of Catherine the Great was remembered by the birth of classicism - the Senate, the Bolshoi Theater, the Pashkov House and the Tsaritsynsky Travel Palace.

After the Patriotic War of 1812, the capitalwas built anew. The historical museum, Igumnov's house became a monument of those times. In the 20 th century, modernism appeared, its examples are the hotels "National", "Metropol", Yaroslavsky Railway Station. The 21st century spawned an ultramodern architecture with its skyscrapers, glass facades, shopping centers and multi-storey offices, which in their own way adorn and complement the multifaceted architectural ensemble of Moscow.

Modern architecture as an art

The architecture of the modern city is engaged in shaping the external living space of people through the construction of new ones and the maintenance of former buildings. The art of this includes three main aspects:

• Urban construction - the creation and reconstruction of buildings.
• The architecture of volumetric structures - design of residential and public buildings, industrial enterprises.
• Landscape architecture - arrangement of public gardens, park areas, public gardens.

In addition, the architectural environment has a strong emotional impact on the inhabitants. Along with other factors, it contributes to the development of patriotic feelings.

Directions of modern architecture

In different countries, the architecture of a modern cityis called differently. We call it "modern", in Germany "Jugendstil", in France "art nouveau". Modern, as an architectural trend, was formed in the late 19 th - early 20 th century. It is characterized by a protest against the established, archaic appearance of buildings. During the construction in this style, steel, concrete, glass, subsequently plastic and other technological materials were first used. This style is distinguished not only by external aesthetics and thoughtful functionality. The next after the modern, in the 20s of the 20th century, constructivism was formed, which absorbed the "soul" of the victorious proletariat. Its main task is to serve the new production. During construction, reinforced concrete was mainly used. Under the projects of constructivists, not only factories and factories were created, but also houses, schools, hospitals, clubs.

The end of the 40s was marked by the appearance ofminimalist direction in architecture, it reached its peak by the 1960s. The creed of the minimalists is "Nothing superfluous!". The buildings of this time are laconic, they do not have decor and other excesses. The main idea of ​​minimalist designers is to find the ideal proportion, a combination of comfort and functionality, in the understanding of that time. The development of modern architecture did not stop there. Soon, minimalism outlived itself, and replaced by a modern high-tech style that for many years has become stronger in urban architecture.

Hi-tech - architecture of a modern city

The formation of this idea was influenced bynew technologies that accompany modern man. Metal, glass, ultramodern materials and structures, monolithic forms, power and strength, embodied in buildings - this is the style of high-tech. It includes three sub-directions: industrial, bionic and geometric high-tech.

The industrial direction is characterized bya kind of frankness of design. It flaunts all communications, connections, overlapping, creating on their basis decorative and functional designs.

Geometric high-tech is a variety of geometric shapes, the combination and intertwining of the most unexpected and unusual configurations.

Bionic high-tech is characterized by the imitation of the appearance of living nature, the harmonization of the appearance of buildings and dwellings with the help of smooth transitions and lines peculiar to those that are prevalent in nature.