Monuments of history and culture of Bashkortostan. Republic of Bashkortostan: attractions

Each ethnos is destined to go its own waybecoming, overcoming difficult times or tolerating persecution. But even without prosperity, to any extent, no era can manage. The history of Bashkortostan is no exception. Were on the way of this people grief and joy, victories and defeats, glory and shame. About which many epics tell in which it is told about batyrs and other significant persons of the past. Of course, modern Bashkiria is quite a successful republic, which is a part of the Russian Federation (the Urals Economic Region) as an autonomous republic. But it was not always so. Monuments of the Republic of Bashkortostan "tell" about its centuries-old traditions.

Historical reference

Bashkirs as an ethnic group formed anotherin the 1st millennium AD e., and since the tenth century, Islam began to spread on their territory, which later was destined to play a crucial role. It was religion that greatly contributed to the preservation of the identity of the people, prevented assimilation, especially given that the Bashkirs were constantly "lucky" to live in the neighborhood of the Golden Horde, the Khazar and Turkic Khagans, the Bulgarian Khanate. This negatively affected the political associations of individual Bashkir tribes. The latter were constantly at enmity between themselves and neighboring nationalities.

However, the time has come, and it's time for civil strifeover. Since the middle of the XVI century, the history of Bashkortostan has flowed along a different channel - the population passed into Russian citizenship, under the tutelage of the sovereign Ivan the Terrible. On the one hand, it made it possible to stop civil strife and develop relatively normally. However, other peoples, including Tatars, Mari, Chuvashes, Udmurts, and Mordvins began actively migrating to Bashkir lands. Of course, both the Russians and Ukrainians themselves, as well as other inhabitants of the vast country, also began to develop a new territory.

Bashkirs actively participated in the wave of the very samesenseless and ruthless Russian rebellion of 1773-1775. This was reflected not only in the richest folklore, but also gave its national hero - Salavat Yulaev, who is considered one of the companions of the leader of the peasant uprising Emelyan Pugachev.

Later there was the Autonomous Soviet BashkirThe Republic (since 1920). It became one of the most important industrial centers (chemical and petrochemical industry) in the USSR. With the collapse of the latter, it gradually transformed into the Republic of Bashkortostan with its Kurultay, ie, a bicameral parliament, and the president. The capital is the city of Ufa, founded in 1574 on the site of the more ancient settlement of the indigenous ethnos. The map of Bashkortostan includes 54 administrative districts. Among them are 21 cities and 4434 rural settlements. The population exceeded 4 million people, and one third of all those living in Bashkiria are concentrated in Ufa and Ufa district.

Various monuments of history and culture of Bashkortostan

Of course, such a long and difficult pathformation could not but reflect on the sculptures and testimonies of past eras. For today in Bashkortostan under the state protection there are about two thousand various kinds of monuments of architecture, art, culture, archeology.

The most famous monuments of Bashkortostan (list):

• The first cathedral mosque.
• Monuments to Salavat Yulayev and Alexander Matrosov.
• Aksakovsky people's house.
• Mausoleum (tomb) Bandebeque.
• Cave Shulgan-tash.
• The cathedral church of the Nativity of the Virgin.

National parks and reserves are known far beyond the borders of the republic and invariably attract new visitors.

Silent cultural monuments of Bashkortostan, inwhich are displayed some of the processes occurring inside the society, often can tell much more than even archival documents. And their value is indisputable from any point of view. In full measure, this applies to the religious buildings, which reflect the spirit of the ethnos. This is especially true for such a multi-confessional and multinational association, which is the Republic of Bashkortostan.

Cathedral of the Nativity of the Virgin

This Ufa temple, built in 1903-1909 years., originally was a brick building with a three-tiered bell tower and a single-domed dome made of wood-studded wood. This church was destined to survive the difficult post-revolutionary years, but in the end it was still closed, and the room was transferred to aviation workshops. Later, they opened a cinema, disfiguring the room beyond recognition. Only at the end of the Soviet era, in 1991, the church returned the diocese. The reconstruction of Christmas-Bogoroditsky Cathedral dragged on for 15 years, but the sky-blue building with gold of domes and beautiful painting became the most spacious Orthodox church in the capital of the republic.

The first cathedral mosque

The culture of Bashkortostan carries a brightimprint of the East. An example is the First Cathedral Mosque built in 1830, which originally was a stone building with one minaret. Later it was rebuilt several times. This mosque was one of the largest in prerevolutionary Russia, and its arrival numbered almost a thousand people. In addition, she had madrassas and a Russian-Bashkir two-year school. For 30 years (1960-1991), only this mosque did not stop its activities in Ufa.

Mausoleum of Bandebyke

Historical monuments of Bashkortostan includea tomb in which the earthly path of the great woman Bandabike supposedly ended. She, thanks to her exceptional wisdom and reason, managed to put an end to the quarrels between the Bashkirs and Kazakhs. This building is made in the form of an octagon with a dome made of brick of two colors - the main one is gray, and the Christmas tree ornament is made in red.

It is noteworthy that Bandebike was not a khanor ruler. She is just an influential wise woman of a noble family, to the advice of which all tribal chiefs listened. Her name was respected not only by the Bashkirs, but also by neighboring nations, since the glory of her wisdom was great. About her and her husband several legends and legends are composed.

Aksakovsky People's House

Monuments of history and culture of BashkortostanThey are also represented by one of the most interesting buildings from the point of view of architecture, built in 1909-1920. As can be seen from the name itself, the people's house was dedicated to the memory of the outstanding literary figure Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov, and a contest for Russia was even announced for the construction project. The money was collected all over Ufa. The construction was carried out for more than 10 years, although the result was worthwhile - even after almost a century the Aksakov House attracted the views with its unique architecture. In it several styles were intertwined: Russian classicism, Baroque and East Asian, with elongated window slits. This building is quite worthy of embodying the image of a multinational Republic in which both Russians and Bashkirs coexist peacefully. Since the late 30-ies there is a theater of opera and ballet, but most importantly, a few years ago the Aksakov House regained its old name.

It is difficult to imagine a nation that does nothonored her heroes and did not seek to keep dear names in the centuries. But there were always a lot of batyrs in the territory of modern Belarus. Therefore, the monuments of history and culture of Bashkortostan - this is a reminder of national heroes, forget about which is not possible.

Salavat Yulaev

Where else is located his monument, how not tothe highest place, as if protecting the inhabitants from all misfortunes? The monument to Salavat Yulaev is not just a unique and largest equestrian statue in Russia, but also a national treasure, something the Republic of Bashkortostan is proud of.

Three decades it took sculptorSoslanbek Tavasiev, in order to recreate the appearance of the hero who went against the will of Catherine the Great. And instead of fighting on the side of the government, he joined the rebel Pugachev.

Cast from bronze cast iron, capturedSalavat Yulaev at a crucial moment in deciding on the transition to Pugachev. He seems to be calling to follow him, thus silently telling the new generations of Bashkortostan residents of the strength of the human spirit and the importance of freedom of choice.

Alexander Matrosov

The memory of the heroes lives among the people. This is what Alexander Matrosov, a 19-year-old ordinary soldier of the 2nd separate rifle battalion, remembered for millions, remembered a German machine-gun on a cold February day. According to one of the versions, he was originally from Bashkiria. That is why they established a bronze monument in Ufa on the 6th anniversary of the Victory, depicting Matrosov in a cloak-tent with a gun, on a pedestal made of pink marble - for the edification of his descendants.

Monument to Mikhail Alexandrovich Nagom

The monument to the founder of Ufa is comparativelya young monument. It was installed only 7 years ago. He depicts the voivode, who is credited with the beginning of the construction of the city. To date, there is a monument in the village of Eighth Marta, on the outskirts of the capital of the Republic of Bashkortostan. However, there is a hope that over time this monument will take its place along with other national heroes.

Monument of Friendship

Friendship between the Russian and Bashkir people is greater450 years, and the beginning of it was laid by Ivan the Terrible in the distant 1557 year. He took under his wing the Bashkirs, suffering from strife and Golden Horde arbitrariness. And to this day they are part of the Russian Federation. This is how the new era and culture of Bashkortostan began. Four centuries later, in 1957, the memory of this event was decided to perpetuate, creating the Monument of Friendship. The monument was made in the form of a blade without a handle (35 meters high). Two women with laurel wreaths in their hands, located on either side of the blade, personify the Bashkir and Russian peoples, and the laurel "speaks" of the eternal and indestructible friendship between them.

Monument to the heroes of the October Revolution and the Civil War

The tragedy of any military action inside the countrylies in the fact that not only friends of yesterday, but also blood relatives rebel against each other. In this respect, the years of the Civil War and the Great October Revolution were the most grievous for Russia.

Already almost 40 years ago in Bashkiria in memory ofnational heroism was installed a monument dedicated to participants in these events. On the pedestal there are several figures: a Red Army man with a gun, a blacksmith with a hammer, an ordinary peasant, in whose hands a rifle stiffened instead of the usual agricultural tool. These characters, which are designed to symbolize certain groups of the population, have closed the mortally wounded elderly soldier, like children close their father. This underlines the unity of the people in the struggle for their rights.

Memorial "The Sorrowful Mother"

The peculiarity of this monument is that,that he is dedicated to all the soldiers who died taking part in numerous local conflicts from 1951 to 2003. The monument is a bronze figure of the mother who covers her face with her hands, as if deeply grieving for the loss of her children. Nearby are two stelae of black granite, on which are carved the names of the fallen.

In inheritance from nature

Monuments of history and culture of Bashkortostan are notwould create such a holistic picture, if they were not complemented by the gifts of Mother Earth. In total there are more than one and a half hundred various nature attractions on the territory of the republic.

Bashkir State Nature Reserve

The uniqueness of this zone is that itexpressively divided into two halves: one - in the array of Southern Krak, composed of heavy deep rocks with a large content of metal, the other - the Ural-Tau - consists of softer. The reserve is a unique natural complex, which is famous not only for the incredible mixing of various species of flora, but also for relics that have been preserved here for millennia.

National Park "Bashkiria"

Its territory is about 82 thousandhectares, on which it is possible to find various kinds of rare animals and plants. Some of them are listed in the Red Book. In addition, here are located and natural monuments of Bashkortostan, such as karst bridges, Bear Glade, the tract Kutuk-Sumgan.

State natural reserve "Shulgan-Tash"

Natural monuments of Bashkortostan includeprotected area located in the interfluve of the rivers Belaya and Yuryuzani. In addition to rare species of plants, animals, birds and fish, it attracts the cave Shulgan-Tash (Kapova cave). This is an archaeological monument of world significance, which in its time was a parking lot of ancient people, as evidenced by the preserved rock paintings and ornaments.

Natural Park "Muradymovskoe Gorge"is remarkable for the fact that caves are preserved here, in which the first inhabitants of the Urals lived thousands of years ago. In total, more than forty objects are located in the territory of this natural zone, among which there are caves of the Big Labyrinth, Ice, Novo and Staromuradymovskie caves. The parking of our ancestors was discovered in the Golubin Cave.

Modern Bashkiria is absolutely charmingThe region, which has preserved a unique, relict nature, diluted with national color. This is the place that can not not be loved from the first visit, time itself does not control it. Nature lovers are recommended to travel around the republic and enjoy the many beautiful places that the Bashkortostan map abounds.