Greece: economy today (briefly). Characteristics of the economy of Greece. Economy of Ancient Greece
Greece is a unitary state thatis located in the southern part of Europe. According to the latest estimates, the country's population is just over 11 million people. The Greek Republic covers an area of 132,000 square kilometers. km. To date, the state is experiencing colossal economic problems, resulting in the streets of major cities, there are endless strikes, riots, speculation and provocation.
Country Description
The capital of Greece is Athens. The main legislative body is the Parliament. Since spring 2015, the president of the republic is Prokopis Pavlopoulos. Independent Greece became in 1821, having separated from the Ottoman caliphate.
A unitary state is located in the Balkanthe peninsula. Under the jurisdiction of the country are numerous territorial islands. Greece itself is divided into 13 administrative regions. Washed by Thracian, Ikaria, Aegean, Crete, Ionian and Mediterranean seas. The common land border with such countries as Albania, Bulgaria, Turkey and Macedonia. The population is 98% professed by Orthodoxy.
The origin of the economy
Ancient Hellas is called the ancient villages,which appeared at the beginning of the first millennium BC. e. on the coast and islands of the Mediterranean Sea. At that time, the most developed civilizations were Rome and Greece. The economy was based on the slave system. It was private property that was the foundation of economic activity.
Civil society and statehoodwere formed gradually with the development of democratic institutions. Initially, Hellas was an aristocratic republic. The economy of Ancient Greece depended entirely on the economic activities of policies that were formed as a result of the communal decay. Each such city united the property of all aristocrats. Members of the poles had political and civil rights. They laid the foundation for monetary and commodity relations.
Development of modern economy
The flowering of financial indicators dates back to 1996year. So GNP was about 120 billion dollars. Per person per year is $ 11.5 thousand. Then, according to the dynamic indicators of the increase in profitability, Greece was among the leaders of the European countries. The economy of the republic at that time was based on successful agriculture and industry. The share of these branches was more than 55%. The rest of the percentage was divided between the service industries and taxes from tourism organizations. Unemployment did not exceed 11%.
The beginning of the 21st century was marked for the countryserious financial changes. Foreign investors were sharply drawn to Greece. On the one hand, it stabilized the economy and closed gaps in some important articles. On the other hand, the national system had to adapt to Western integration. As a result, Greece began to systematically yield to its partners in the European Union. To support the capital, only multi-billion loans from American, Italian, French, Swiss and German banks helped.
General Economic Indicators
One of the most agrarian-developed powers in Europe withGreece has long been considered. The country's economy in this equivalent surpasses even some of the primary EU members. The only drawback, which hinders the industrial development of Greece, is the average level of production.
The public sector provides slightly lesshalf of GDP. This is achieved through a well-developed trade and banking system. The share of the income is brought also by insurance companies, and tourist. As for industry, recently the most profitable are the textile, petrochemical, food and metallurgical industries. In turn, the railway communication is poorly developed, which can not be said about air and sea.
Industry and agriculture
The sectoral structure of the country is unevenly developedand disproportionately throughout the territory. But in the sphere of light industry, one of the main powers is again Greece. The economy of the country is replenished by this growth by almost 19%. At the same time, more than 21% of the population are involved in light industry.
The extraction of nickel ores, bauxites,emery, magnesites, pyrites. Widely developed steel production, mechanical engineering, woodworking. The textile industry is considered to be the priority. Important for the economy is shipping.
Agriculture is based on privatefarmer associations. Due to them, the Greek economy is replenished by 7% annually, which is about 16 billion dollars. The agricultural spectrum includes livestock, farming and fishing. To date, 41% of the country's lands are occupied by pastures, another 39% - forests and plowing.
Tourist yield
About 20 million visitors visit Greece every year. Tourists bring to the state treasury more than 15% of GDP.
Nevertheless, in the last couple of years,significant sailing of tourists. Only in the first half of 2015, they were 22% less than predicted. Thus, the economy of Greece missed about 6.8 billion dollars.
Many tourists note that recently it is more profitable to go on vacation to the Crimea, Bulgaria or Turkey. There and the prices are more loyal, and the quality of services is better.
Debt crisis
Every year, Greece's investment loansinexorably grow. To date, the external debt of the state is more than 450 billion euros. This amount exceeds the annual GDP by almost 2 times. It turns out, in such a once successful country like Greece, the economy hangs in the balance.
The government of Greece in a hurry began offering loyal investors a program of privatization. However, this will only delay the inevitable. The default in the country has already come.
Causes of the financial crisis
The economy of Greece today is at the stage ofstagnation. In January 2015, a new government was formed in the country. The task of the ministers was to find alternative ways to stabilize the economy without the help of the European Central Bank.
In March 2015, Greece refused to pay the debt,seeking in the strict form of its partial write-off. In June, the International Monetary Fund discontinued all transactions with Athens. Progress has not been achieved with the Central Bank of Europe. Moreover, in early July, the Government supported the results of the referendum on the rejection of EU assistance. Thus, the Greek economy today is a deep default, the way out of which will not be found soon.
Credit Aid
A phantom chance to stabilize the crisissituation is the acceptance of the conditions of the European Commission. The organization is ready to give Greece a short-term loan of 7 billion euros. This will help temporarily take the country out of default. However, this amount will have to be paid before October this year inclusive.
According to the latest news, it becomes clear that the partyAlexis Tsipras and the majority of parliamentarians voted for the approval of the deal with the EU. Now Greece will get a chance for a partial economic recovery.
