Oil industry

The oil industry of the world isan international industrial sector that includes exploration of oil and gas and oil fields, production of oil, associated gas, pipeline transport for a fossil. Production, in turn, includes drilling wells, development of deposits and other work.

It should be said that the oil industry inRussia is a very developed industry. This is due to the geographical features of the country. Until 1992, Russia in the explored reserves was in the second position in the world after Saudi Arabia. Russia's reserves today are about 20.2 billion tons. In 1991, they were about 23.5 billion tons.

However, Russia's oil industry is developingRecently, not so rapidly as in previous years. According to experts, on the territory of the country there are reserves with too low a degree of confirmability of the forecasted reserves. They substantially reduce the overall security of Russia's natural reserves. In addition, a large proportion of deposits with high development and development costs. Of all the reserves that the Russian oil industry has, about 55% are highly productive.

Special attention is paid by specialists to reserves,presumably located on the territory of Western Siberia. It is due to them that the main increase in the country's reserves is predicted to be forty percent. However, in this case, the oil industry will also acquire mainly low-productive deposits. The amount that was supposed to be produced in the region is the limit of profitability for him.

It should be noted that the economic crisis affected not only the fuel and energy industries of individual countries, but also, as a consequence, the world oil market as a whole.

It should be said that in Russia the recession beganto be celebrated back in 1989. Oil production has noticeably decreased. The volume of oil produced, even in the richest region - the Tyumen region - fell from 394 million tons to 307 million. The oil industry in the country today is marked by a marked reduction in the growth of highly productive reserves, deterioration in the quality of raw materials and a decrease in the pace of exploration work in the fields. At the same time, experts note a reduction in the volumes of production drilling, and an increase in the number of idle wells, a general transition to mechanized methods of field development against a background of a sharp decrease in the number of flowing wells. Of no less importance are the absence in any measure of a significant reserve of large deposits, and the need to involve in operation reserves that are located in remote and inaccessible areas.

The first wells in Russia were drilled in 1864year in the Kuban. At the same time one of the wells gave a fountain more than one hundred and ninety tons of production per day. At that time, oil production was carried out to a greater degree by monopolies, which depended on foreign capital. By the twentieth century, Russia began to occupy a leading position in the world oil industry. At the beginning of the century, oil production already accounted for about eleven million tons. During the Civil War, there was a significant decline. Later, by the thirties, oil production again increased to 11.6 million tons.

In the early years of the establishment of Soviet powerthe main deposits were in the areas of the North Caucasus (Maikop, Grozny). However, it should be said that the war caused significant damage to these territories, which, in turn, reduced the volume of production several times. In the postwar period, in parallel with the restoration of the North Caucasus deposits, large basins of the Volga-Ural region were put into development. By 1960, the percentage of production in these territories rose to seventy-one.