The Taimyrsky Reserve. Preserves of the world and Russia
The Taimyrsky Reserve has a difficult historycreation. Today it covers an area of more than 1.5 thousand hectares, rare species of flora and fauna listed in the Red Book are protected on these territories. The official foundation date is 1979, when a reserve was established to study and preserve the forest, mountain, tundra and plain ecosystems in detail.
History of creation
Back in 1939, the researchers conceivedcreate a large reserve on the Taimyr Peninsula. Its opening was planned for 1943, but, unfortunately, the war crossed out all plans. Then the question of the creation of a protected zone was raised in 1949, but all the developments of scientists were rejected, since the state had just reduced the area of the systems of protected areas. More than once the biosphere Taimyr reserve was in the spotlight. Planned territory extended to 10 million hectares in order to protect not only the rare animals and birds such as reindeer, musk ox, red goose, but the entire ecosystem Taimir tundra, from hot Byrranga and up to arctic coasts.
In 1979, however, it was possible to formallyto register the reserve "Taimyrsky". These included Logatskoye and Verkhnetaymyrskoye forest districts, branches "Lukunsky" and "Ary-Mas". In 1994, coastal and foothill arctic tundra were attached to the reserve as a guard zone. Today, researchers are doing everything possible to expand protected areas.
Natural landscapes of the reserve
The security zone is on the Taimyr Peninsula. The organizers managed to cover a wide variety of landscapes: southern, arctic and typical tundra, forest-tundra. The Taimyrsky Reserve is located in the territory of permafrost, reaching about 0.5 km. The security zone is mainly located on a flat relief, it is there that the rivers flowing in Khatanga flow. Here is the largest lake Taimyr, as well as several smaller lakes.
Climate of Taimyr
Climatic features of the Taimyr reservelargely depend on the phenomenon of the polar night. In this territory it lasts just over two months, the polar day is preserved for 83 days. In the Taimyr Peninsula, winter lasts up to 10 months, sometimes up to 8. But summer mainly comes in late June and lasts until August. In winter, in flat areas, the temperature is kept within -45 ° C, and in the mountains the thermometer's column drops to -60 ° C. In summer, there is a sharp warming, the temperature is up to +30 ° C, but it lasts no more than a week.
Flora and fauna of Taimyr
The vegetation cover of the reserve is veryvarious. The guard zone is divided into southern, typical and arctic tundra. In the coldest Arctic part of the plant is not so much. Here, in the main, there are mosses, a confused and snowy lagoon, an alpine shrimp, and a polar vow. The typical tundra is richer, here you can find several varieties of mosses, arctosibirsk sedge, pinpoint dryad. The southern region is the most diverse, because there are thickets of ernik, alder and willow, also there is red currant, dogrose. On the mountain slopes you can find the bubble Dyke, the bubble fragile, the scabby scent and other northern ferns.
Although the climate is cold and harsh, but the beast is richTaimyr reserve. Animals are mainly represented by wild reindeer, musk oxen, ermine, and also wolves and lynx. The main food of predators and at the same time the most important living creature in the tundra is the lemming. In the reserve, birds and animals are found in such large quantities that it is not even clear how such a poor nature can feed them. Although this only seems so, in fact there is a high biological productivity of plants, there are a lot of fish in rivers and lakes, mouse-like rodents multiply rapidly, so they are able to feed a lot of white owls, foxes, falcons and other mammals and birds of prey.
Animals listed in the Red Book
The Taimyrsky Reserve has sheltered a lotrepresentatives of fauna that are on the verge of extinction. Scientists do everything in order to increase their population. Among mammals, the Laptev subspecies of the walrus, the polar bear and the musk ox are included in the Red Book. Birds are much larger: red-breasted goose, white-tailed eagle, peregrine falcon, small swan, Lesser White-fronted goose, Siberian eider, gyrfalcon, mud, pink and sea-tailed seagull, Icelandic sandpiper,
What is worth seeing in the Taimyr Peninsula?
There is much to say about the reserves of Russia, butit is better to see all this beauty with your own eyes once. Taimyr is far away, but still it is worthwhile to allocate time for his visit, because there are so many interesting places here. First of all it is recommended to go to museums. The first is devoted to ethnography and nature, the second - to studies about mammoths, and the third - to Dolgans poetess Ogduo Aksenova. In the guard zone, you can see the walrus rookeries of the Laptev subspecies, forests located in the northernmost part of the world. On the river Dyabaka-Tari there are fossils of marine fauna, which belong to the Jurassic period.
Not all reserves of the world and Russia have so muchinteresting places to visit, how many they are on the Taimyr Peninsula. On the Upper Taimyr River you can visit the ancient campsite of deer hunters, and there are also completely abandoned settlements in the middle of the 20th century. Many will be interested to see the ruins of the winter hut of the expedition of Khariton Laptev and explorers, as well as the polar stations of the Bay of Expectation, which are closed at this time. The inhabitants of the reserve themselves are also of great interest. Here, for days on end you can watch birds and animals, they are completely not afraid of people, so you can look at them from a short distance.
The main reserves of Russia
The country has a huge number of natural areas,being under protection. The map of the reserves of Russia will help everyone who wants to get more information about these unique territories and their sights. Forest lovers can visit the Altai Territory. There are many fauna representatives living in the reserve, valuable plants grow. In Buryatia there is a dark coniferous taiga complex. The Baikal Nature Reserve covers the Khamar-Daban Range and the southern coast of Lake Baikal.
Also worth noting Primorsky Krai. Here is the reserve "Kedrovaya Pad", in which there are more than 800 representatives of the flora of southern and northern species. Also in this protected area you can see animals such as spotted deer, Ussuri punkinos, leopard, Himalayan bear, raccoon dog, etc. There are many nature reserves in Russia, all of them are of great interest both for researchers of flora and fauna, and for ordinary tourists.
