Types and genres of poems - a brief review

Fans of poetry often argue to which genrecarry this or that poem. In fact, there are a lot of varieties of literary works, including lyric ones. To understand them sometimes on the shoulder only specialist philologists. Here, elegy, and ode, and satirical poems, and poems in prose - all you will not list. Many genres in our time have "disappeared from the stage" and are almost never found in modern poetry.

Let us take a brief look at what genres are. As you know, lyrical forms can vary in volume (small - poems, sonnets, epigrams, odes, etc., larger ones - poems, ballads), genres, content (love lyrics, friendly message, solemn eulogy, satirical epigram and so forth). Poetic works can be strictly canonized in form (have a strictly defined number of lines or stanzas) or they are written in free form, sometimes without observing the size and rhyme ("white" verses). However, the impression of "complete freedom" of versification in this case is deceptive - any work is created according to certain canons.

So, the main genres of poems. A classic poem is a small (in contrast, for example, a poem) literary work in a poetic form. Since the 19th century is the most common form of lyrics. Ode - a pathetic, solemn work, glorifying someone or anything, was often performed with music. In Greek, it means "song". Elegy - under this name in ancient poetry meant a poem written in the form of an elegiac distich, later (in Western European poetry), elegiac works began to be called romantic-sentimental works, which tell of unhappy love, disappointments, frailty of being.

A ballad is a poetic work that hasplot, usually folklore or historical character, often based on some legend. Ballads often had a mysterious, sometimes gloomy color. The song refers to the verbal and musical art. The form usually consists of stanzas or couplets. The content can be from lyrical to satirical, the composition of performers - solo or choral, with or without music. The song can be folk or professional, it can be authored (for example, a romance).

Many genres of poems in our day are no longermeet. This message is a work addressed to a specific or fictional person (it was popular from ancient times until about the middle of the 19th century), madrigal - a poem-compliment addressed, more often than not, to a woman, an apologist-a poem of a moralizing nature.

Bucolic (pastoral) - the general name of the twoseparate genres, which are often confused - eclogs and idylls. Ekloga depicts everyday rural sketches, dialogues between shepherds and cowherds. Idyll tells of a peaceful and carefree life in the bosom of nature (often this concept is used with irony). Both these varieties originated in ancient Greece and existed until the beginning of the 19th century.

There are genres of poems, clearlystructured, with a given classical canon form. This is a sonnet consisting of 14 lines, including 2 quatrains for 2 rhymes (called quatrains) and 2 triathodes (so-called tercet) for 3 or 2 rhymes. Sonnets appeared in Italy in the 13th century and were unusually popular in the Renaissance, reflected in the poetry of the styles of baroque, romanticism and partly modernism.

To solid forms can also be attributed genre of rondo. This is a kind of poem of 15 lines, with the 9th and 15th lines being an unrefined refrain repeating the beginning of the first line. In addition to the rondo, solid forms include triolet, riturnel, stanzas, octave, siciliana, rondel.

Always popular were and there are genres of poemscomic character. This is a fable - a short moralizing work with an indispensable morality in the end, the heroes of which were usually animals and fairy-tale characters. The epigram is a small satirical poem, often sharply ridiculing someone. Burlesque is a kind of comic genre.

In a separate group, one can distinguish genrespoetic works, one way or another based on the variation of grammatical forms or simply the play of words. It is acrostic, from the initial letters of which it is possible to add a word or phrase, an anacyclic verse (read from beginning to end and vice versa), a burime (verses for a pre-set rhyme), a palindrome (equally readable from right to left and vice versa), etc.