Folklore genres
From English, the term "folklore" is translated as"Popular wisdom", "people's knowledge". For the first time it was used by the English historian William Thomson. In Europe and America, the term began to understand all kinds of folk art, including verbal and musical, as well as embroidery, carving wood and bone. In the domestic science, folklore is referred to the verbal art of the people. Famous folklore genres are very diverse. This and major works, such as epic, fairy tales, epics, and small forms: chastushki, riddles, proverbs and sayings, etc. This will be discussed in the article.
Small genres of folklore
The main features characterizingfolklore works, consider the oral form of their distribution, the collective nature of the creation and a special artistic form. Therefore, folklore refers to non-autor works. On these grounds, folklore genres of chastushka, riddles, proverbs and sayings belong to them. Let's consider some of them. Chastushkoy called a short Russian song, which often has the form of quatrains with a humorous content. The people who composed these comic songs used all the richness and expressiveness of the Russian language. During the festivities in the villages, the ditties were performed under the accordion. This genre of folk art appeared in the 19th century and was developed in the 20th century.
Proverbs and sayings are folklore genres,the main feature of which is a short, concise form, semantic ease and simplicity of presentation. Some of the proverbs and proverbs originate from the works of Russian folklore - songs, fairy tales, mysteries. Proverbs and sayings reflected the life of the people, observations of natural and social phenomena. Classics of Russian literature, nurtured on folk folklore, enriched it with their own phrases from literary works. Such winged expressions can be found in Fonvizin, Pushkin, Griboedov, Krylov.
Traditions that have developed in the Russian people'screativity, passed from generation to generation, for many centuries. So there were folklore genres, in the origins of which the language of allegories. For example, riddles. In the most ancient of them reflects the life of people who engaged in hunting and breeding of livestock. In later times there are signs from the life of farmers. There was a belief that one can not use the names of objects related to important concerns about one's well-being. If any rite (for example, a wedding), could undergo, according to the beliefs of people, the influence of evil forces, then in everyday life we used parables, riddles, so as not to pronounce forbidden words. To create a new word or replace the forbidden used consonance, and the meaning of this in the phrase was lost, but it was not important. In addition to puzzles, which reflected the way of life or natural phenomena, there were riddles and jokes. For example, the question of which stone in the river, to which the answer is given, is wet.
Works of oral folk art for children.
Folklore is interesting not only as a culturalmemory of the people, but also an opportunity to study popular pedagogy. It is known that small folklore genres: lullabies, nursery rhymes, jokes, tongue twisters, in the first place, were intended for children. So, lullabies were sung when the baby cradled in the cradle. In them, words and a scale were chosen so that an image of calm and silence was created. Were used diminutive-caressing words: "lyulenki", "gulenki", a purring cat was mentioned. Remembering folklore for children, you can not miss the tongue twisters. After all, they teach children to listen, to take good care of sounds and to pronounce difficult of them. Non-witches - short verses with humorous content, make children laugh and think, comparing the lines of poetry and the sides of life known to them.
Modernity dictates a new pace of life, a newway, and communication between parents and children has also changed. Few parents will be able to recall at least one example from folk art, to sing to the child. And, nevertheless, interest in folklore in society remains.
